Goodness Which Lessens Badness

Goodness Which Lessens Badness

Will the Persians in Iran Take Their Independence?

Hubris-in God-Mystery May and Can Yield-to Humility-Toward Physics

Only a Civic People Can Constrain Evil

Goodness Which Motivates Good Behavior

Awakening

                The 37^th Memorial Day celebration in Washington was replete with personal statements about why civic citizens choose to serve the USA by joining one of the military branches.

From the first permanent settlement in Jamestown, VA in 1607 until “the shot heard round the world”, on April 19, 1775 (starting with 8 militiamen shot in Lexington, MA), in 168 years, settlers in the “new” continent experienced responsible independence no prior culture in Homo sapiens* history wanted enough to take then develop. Inhabitants in 1775 were only 60% English.

                Six years later, England surrendered to both France and the 13 English colonies -- on September 19, 1781 at Yorktown, VA, only 10 miles from Jamestown. Ten years later, Congress, representing 14 states, ratified the negotiated Constitution with its Bill of Rights, imposed on the 1787 framers by 9 ratifying states, in 1788. The United States republic was established on December 15, 1791 and continues to develop statutory justice. The republic is 234 years old and thriving.

                In 2026, the USA’s unique form of government answers neither to democracy (“the people”) nor to common law but to statutory justice, affirming the laws of physics rather than human rationalization. The civic faction, We the People of the United States, is defined by the preamble to the Constitution.

                Can another people want civic independence enough to take it from their oppressors? Will the 60% in Iran who are Persian take their responsible independence? Will concerned nations aid the Persians like France, Spain, and the Netherlands aided the 1775 American colonists? Will majority Inuits of Greenland take their independence from Denmark’s Lutheran majority?

                The Trump administration, with its Religious Liberty Commission, exercises separation of church and state by, at least: embracing Christian leaders, for example, Secretary of War, Pete Hegseth, who vigorously appreciates Jesus Christ; supporting Israel despite Jewish rejection of Yeshua the Judean; promoting Muslim-responsibility by opposing Sharia law; facilitating Arab coalition with Israel; and defending Falun Gong practitioners worldwide. In addition to the civic faction in the United States republic, the peoples of Iran, Greenland, and others have the opportunity to lead humankind, by promoting good behavior rather than fostering faith in competitive mystery.

                This study empowered me to write the above title, and I hope to revise the study so as to clarify the return to “goodness”.

Vision

I hope in the future, most adults accept responsibility, authority, and power, RAP [the acronym I’ll repeat, so please learn it], to facilitate youth to be aware-of if not comprehend everything that happened plus continuous changes, so that most people may humbly comprehend and practice good behavior during events no one can imagine.

Executive Summary

                The laws of physics instruct humankind. However, pre-history’s Homo sapiens developed spiritualism that evolved into primitive polytheisms then competitive monotheisms. For example, in Genesis-1, an ancient scribe benchmarked one primitive perception; that Homo sapiens has sole responsibility to bring order to earth’s chaos, leaving utopia to the gods. In Genesis-2 and beyond, other ancient scribes prescribed competitive mystery, “The God”[a], in attempts to avoid responsibility. So far, most cultures resist humankind’s Genesis-1-cited RAP. Most cultures speculate a higher power they hope could usurp Homo sapiens’ role: order life on earth. On earth, it takes arrogance to intend evil, hope to tolerate evil, and humility to annihilate evil.

Utopian hopes vary from 1) every individual choosing good behavior to 2) global destruction that eliminates competitive doctrine and delivers peace solely to the victor. This study proposes to each individual: accept the Genesis-1 message, in order to discover and practice personal goodness which motivates good behavior in their community, culture, state, nation, and world; without sacrificing civic hope. Effect RAP, in order to constrain chaos in personal living. Mutually require the community to accommodate good behavior.

Rather than pursuing a utopia, Homo sapiens may and can improve choices from wickedness to goodness, in order to eliminate perpetrators of evil. Humankind may constrain evil, in order to assure each person the opportunity to discover and practice good behavior in time to benefit before they die.

Today, we grapple with a pivotal challenge. Will the people of Iran overcome threats to survival and annihilate their oppressors? If they win independence, will they restore their God, Ahura Mazda, or an updated version of Zoroastrianism, or will they choose another religion, perhaps civic Islam. Will Judeo-Christian states consider humility to physics rather than hubris to church? Or will the world reform to good behavior?

I would not have published this study at this time were it not for my family and friends; walking and talking in Perkins Road Park (for example, with Harry Dunn and Donovan Gray) and shopping in Baton Rouge; embracing personally-long-coming unchurched-life; appreciating President Trump’s humility-to good behavior; and reconnecting with classmate F. DeWolfe Miller.

Preface

                I think human opportunity on earth could and should improve through education departments. Newborns naturally pursue practices to survive if not thrive, then the community imposes banal obedience and conformity. Instead, the community may-and-can[b] inculcate in youth the comprehension and intention to pursue fulfillment as Homo sapiens, without doubt, the superior species on earth. Uniquely on earth, the United States republic abstractly engages inhabitants to choose to be either citizens or subjects*[c]; that is, either aid the republic’s intentions or thoughtlessly tolerate* the ebb and flow of their life.

In a culture of good behavior, most newborns have the opportunity to pursue the mature person they will not regret. By example, a civic community facilitates the individual’s quest for good behavior. In a culture of goodness, citizens engage in public goodness and subjects, excluding evil people, benefit from civic integrity. Mindless badness is evil, and repetition is terminal.

Inhabitants of the world, after nearly 11,000 years pursuing writing and grammar seem politically split: left, right, and undecided. This study proffers discovery and practice of goodness-which-motivates-good-behavior, goodnesswhich* for short, as a means of pursuing order, despite the earth’s chaos, never expecting utopia.

Introduction

                Not knowing the ineluctable* truth, I won’t review speculations that anything existed the moment before the Big Bang happened, 13.8 billion years ago. In that moment, good versus bad phenomena began as the laws of physics conducted creation and destruction. There were no species. There was no intelligence to choose behavior, so adaptation to developments, such as the first formation of water, suffered neither favor nor fear. Evolution was purely physical – no psychology in play. Today, water, essential for then-future biology and psychology, seems a good happening.

Before humans evolved and chose to work for tolerable if not favorable living, biological species either adapted to environmental developments or struggled until their extinction. Much later, animals with minimal awareness emerged, some mutating, in order to adapt to environmental change. Even later, more aware humankind, anxious to survive, sometimes neglected research* onto “truth”; primitive peoples often missed ineluctable evidence by settling for rationalization*.

As history unfolded, many people misused words to repress and control collaborative thought, weakening thinkers. For example, proposing colonial revolution, Thomas Paine elevated John Locke’s deist “common sense” to civic reasons for independence from England. Thereby, Paine failed to directly address Locke’s will to impose religious opinion as “common sense”.

In this study, each time I encounter divisive usage,[d] I suggest replacements that facilitate collaboration to good behavior. For example, I prefer integrity* to both “common sense” and “civility”. Also, I think expressing “the horizon” as an arch rather than a line would help retire the flat-earth-perception. I try to stay focused on ineluctable evidence for the reader to explore, by assigning word-usage-debate to Appendix A. There, words I’d like to see out of usage are in red letters.

                Notwithstanding everything that happened since humankind chose to work for a way of living, past generations left to the Homo sapiens in 2026 ample opportunity* to collaborate for goodness to ourselves and our descendants. I am writing to promote goodnesswhich.

I have no way of knowing primitives’ and ancients’ facts and opinions, which subsequent generations competitively plagiarized or manipulated. In other words, I cannot discover who first expressed a thought. Therefore, there is no bibliography. (In the appendices, I review literature I have studied.) I aid collaboration using footnotes. I use searchable phrases to express actual-reality and leave it to the reader to consider the ineluctable evidence that may ground my pursuits/opinions. The reader can explore opposing thoughts, perhaps using creative, AI-assisted search.

                Goodnesswhich seems simple[e] on presentation yet is so complex that it would take an AI team to take the philosophical approach: surveying select scholarship on the topic as grounds for civil validity. Philosophy requires explanation of history’s jargon according to selected scholars; I plan to avoid jargon by selecting words and phrases that directly impact goodnesswhich, rather than preserve traditions. I assign this work to Appendix A and invite the reader to master each entry, in order to grasp the importance of precise, accurate, and deep words. Sometimes, I’ll seem repetitious. When I fail to communicate, I hope the reader will improve my work.

If I were writing for my birth family --- Southern Baptists --- I could be brief; however, I want to write for Homo sapiens – past, present, and future. Without directly dialoguing-with the audience, I cannot presume to write for them. I perceive my open pursuit of public dialogue broadens my opinion like Sha’ul’s accumulated thought from pagans he visited in order to develop compromised Jewish beliefs. I think readers who comprehend will be glad they took the time to consider a new word, goodnesswhich. Regardless, I would like to learn your suggestions for improving this study’s message.

I have a policy not to raise a concern without suggesting a remedy. I introduce potentials for goodnesswhich to impact legislation in the United States republic. Judges, lawyers, and law professors would agree that it would be folly for a chemical engineer to profess expert advice on amendments to political law. I reserve the opportunity to be wrong. I hope readers will like and aid the work.

Chapter 1: some people would dismiss unknowns* as “mysteries”

                Since the universe exists, it follows that before existence, there was potential for the Big Bang. That is, it was possible for the Big Bang to happen. But so far, neither the potential nor a cause is known. Nonetheless, whatever preceded the Big Bang grounds all subsequent opinion.

When I was a boy, my parents and community often responded, “This is what we believe”, when I questioned authority, especially religious imposition. In our community, The God had no say in the face of belief.

Beginning my ninth decade, I accept The God, in order to pursue the ineluctable truth, or whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. It is important for each Homo sapiens in each generation to glimpse if not study the past’s vastness in time, space, extinctions, and survivals. Actual-reality is so huge I can only share curiosity. I think I was born with knowledge-capacity I’ve never tested, and want to encourage young people to humbly neither fear nor doubt their personal goodness.

Origins

                Immediately after the Big Bang, extreme temperature dissipated and quark-gluon became ionized-plasma then transitioned to protons, neutrons, and then electrons. Perhaps 100,000 years later, oxygen formed and eventually combined with hydrogen to form water. Earth’s planet formed 4.6 billion years ago. Life on earth began 3.5 billion years ago, perhaps as bacteria. Earth’s atmosphere reached 21% oxygen 400 million years ago. Chimpanzees emerged about 7 million years ago and waged territorial conflicts. Bipedal hominins appeared about 6 million years ago; free hands allowed development of weapons. They invented tools, increasingly around 2.6 million years ago; research began with trial, error, and correction. In other words, bipedal hominins chose work and research about 3 million years ago. Today’s dominant species, Homo sapiens, appeared about 0.3 million or 300,000 years ago. Actual-reality does not accommodate badness over goodness. And evil must be annihilated.

Progress

                Homo sapiens led creation of spoken language and grammar 135,000 years ago, then migrated out of Africa 70,000 years ago, dark-skin lightened to adapt to less UV radiation. They invented religion* 50,000 years ago, advanced symbols to art 40,000 years ago, then imagined systems of gods with human images; anthropomorphic polytheism. By 15,000 years ago, Homo sapiens was the only human mutation. Adaptation to light-skin became genetic by 12,000 years ago. In Mesopotamia, 11,000 years ago, war captives of various skin colors were made slaves. Indigenous slavery was common in Africa and North America. Primitive polytheisms usually featured a sun god, Ra in Egypt and Utu in Sumer. Walls for military defense appeared 10000 years ago. Kings developed military strategies 6000 years ago. Sumerians invented writing 5500 years ago, treaties 4350 years ago, and the first law code 4100 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization of 5300 years ago attempted to join gods, physics, and human purity. Competitive monotheisms developed 3600 years ago warping goodness versus badness into competitive worship and praise. Whereas polytheism was destined to decline into extinction as research explained phenomena; like the sun is a natural fusion-nuclear reactor and the moon only reflects the sun’s light. Imagination without discovery makes monotheism limitless. Religion increases psychological mysteries while research discovers and solves both physical and psychological unknowns.

A political philosopher, Yeshua of Judea, unreliably written-about 1950 years ago, may have suggested that Homo sapiens can perfect good behavior. Scholars think Yeshua was a dark-skinned, Aramaic-speaking Jew.

Arab and North African merchants 1700 years ago advanced the Saharan slave trade that ballooned to the Atlantic slave trade with European countries 400 years ago. Researchers, 1200 years ago, recognized ineluctable evidence, imagined new instruments of inquiry to pursue reliable discovery, then utilized statistics to resist/skirt ineluctable evidence. About 420 years ago, in the USA, independent people started and maintain a new world that might lead to a new earth. About 340 years ago, for about 30 years, Europeans erroneously promoted reason more than discovery. About 140 years ago, the United States conducted a civil war to end slavery.

                In 2026, Space Force intends to colonize the moon then Mars, yet Homo sapiens does not seem to collaborate for goodness-which-motivates-good-behavior, “goodnesswhich” for short. Only 234 years ago, the one and only United States republic* proffered the means to pursue order from chaos yet has not discovered goodnesswhich.

Is Homo sapiens sufficient to order the earth? Will a mutation be required? I suggest that Homo sapiens may-and-can benefit from history’s evidence by accepting goodnesswhich as the constraint that demands humility*. Because there will always be badness and evil, the more individuals who pursue goodnesswhich, the better.

Power over consequences

                Whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice, perhaps the laws of physics*, seems to hold humankind responsible to establish goodnesswhich out of the chaos that rules the earth. This seems evident from the history of discovery. To accept the challenge, Homo sapiens may-and-can accept the responsibility*, power, and authority to order life on earth. Homo sapiens has prevailed over other species and has progressed exponentially since humankind chose to work intelligently. Yet so far, goodnesswhich has not seemed attractive enough to prevail. I think that’s because education departments have not taught goodnesswhich to youth and adults.

                Prevalence of unknowns is evident in one of the world’s most impactful literary endeavors: scripture* including the Hebrew canon plus Pauline debate[f]; it’s the Judeo-Christian competition. The first chapter, Genesis 1, suggests a deity created the Big Bang, then the earth with the deity’s spirit, then awareness (light), which implies the spirit is goodnesswhich. Some Christians argue that the deity, spirit, and light constitute a divine Trinity, presented as one God.

The scribe arrogantly imposed earthly presence onto Elohim.[g] Toward the end of the chapter, the scribe had “G-d” rather than Elohim create the animals[h] then assign human RAP to order life on earth. Order requires goodnesswhich if not Goodnesswhich. Then, in Genesis 2, another scribe imposed Hashem Elohim to grant even more earthly presence, talking to the only human, a man, Adam, in the garden Hashem planted.

                The whole western scripture -- think of it as all the sacred literature which derived from ancient Mesopotamia -- impacts modern people worldwide. Unfortunately, it partitions both the primitive literature and advanced awareness on earth. “Primitive” addresses discovery between 3 million years ago, when humankind chose work as a means of ordering life, to 4000 years ago when competing monotheisms attempted to discount ancient political philosophies. After the primitives, then comes the ancients, then contemporaries. The ancients ought not separate the contemporaries from the primitives.

By “advanced awareness”, above, I mean reliable research during the 1375 years since the Quran was published. The Catholic canon came 1600 years ago, then the Protestant canon came 380 years ago. The United States republic was ratified only 235 years ago. And if Homo sapiens is failing its RAP to order life on earth, the scripture offers clues as to how to respond to whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. In other words, the scripture helps inform readers about the consequences of erroneously choosing badness, vice, or evil instead of goodnesswhich. That is to say, the scripture can be taken seriously with humility rather than with dogmatic pride or with cultish arrogance.

Political Ideas from the primitives then the ancients

                Most primitive peoples imagined other-worlds (utopia) controlled all objects and events on earth. Unknowing humans perceived mysteries. Typically a system of gods controlled everything.

Ancient Indus Valley, Egyptian, and Sumerian polytheisms influenced later cultures. In the Middle East, patron gods evolved into competitive monotheisms, each culture promoting its God. See “physics” in Appendix A.

                A Mesopotamian, Terah, in Ur, was an idolater, took his family to Canaan to resist human killing for sacrifice to gods. His family gradually converted to monotheists under Yahweh. While dominantly Sumer-speaking (5100 year-old language isolate), some Ur-inhabitants were East-Semitic speakers, mostly Akkadian (1450 years old). Terah’s son, Abram, lived during emergence of Canaan languages, 3700 years ago. Here are some major developments from the end of Sumer, 3780 years ago, until the Pauline Epistles[i] were completed, 1960 years ago.

                Details about these cultures are tabulated below:

1.       5300 years ago, Indus Valley civilization

a.       Major languages were Proto-Dravidian and Indo-Aryan

b.       Political philosophy favored civic wellbeing, civil collaboration, and private independence, as informed by the thinking class rather than by arbitrary power.

c.       Piety was directed to nature, like fig trees and care-taking serpents; water cleanses.

d.       Some gods were imagined to have human appearance and psychology.

e.       The female gender was honored for fertility, energy, and psychological power.

f.        There was neither city-state competition nor military intentions.

g.       Social collaboration involved neither violence nor punishment.

2.       5200 then 4900 years ago, respectively, primitive Egypt then Sumer practiced monarchical polytheism. Subsequent polytheisms differ yet reflect Egyptian and Sumerian influence: Canaan, Persian, Greek, Roman, and independent Celtic paganism, 4400, 4000, 3600, 3000, 2700 years ago, respectively.

3.       4100 years ago, Sumerian monarchs developed law codes:

a.       Serving anthropomorphic gods, humankind was solely in charge on earth

b.       Most crime was adjudicated with fines, but some, like sacrilege and murder, invited capital punishment.

c.       The strong must not take advantage of the weak.

d.       Some civil duty, like surrogacy to protect a threatened king, involved death/sacrifice.

e.       4600 year-old royal tombs at Ur evidence female sacrifices to attend kings in afterdeath

f.        Sumerians killed animals including humans for flesh and blood to offer to the gods.

4.       4000 years ago, Terah, an East Semitic-speaker, left Ur in Sumer, apparently following a local god, Yahweh, I speculate to resist human sacrifice to idols yet continue animal sacrifice.

a.       Perhaps transitioning from anthropomorphic polytheism to competitive monotheism

b.       Terah’s son, Abram, became Canaanite-speaking and proto-Hebrew.

c.       Abram’s 3 mates, Sarah, Hagar, and Keturah, were matriarchs, each with many descendants.

d.       Sarah’s great-grandson was Judah, whose distant descendant was Yeshua

5.       3600 years ago, Zoroastrians and some Persians committed to Ahura Mazda, as their only God and champion for good against evil.

a.       They did not legislate capital punishment.

b.       Leaders intended to protect the weak.

c.       They did not sacrifice animals or blood to their god.

d.       Their 3 pillars were: "Good thoughts, good words, good deeds".

6.       3500 years ago, the Levite, Moses, received from Yahweh commandments for the 12 tribes of Jacob (Israel) to obey, in return for divine favor.

a.       Jacob was Abram and matriarch Sarah’s grandson.

b.       Moses legislated capital punishment.

c.       The strong were to care for the weak as opposed to not taking advantage of them.

d.       Israel ceremonially used animal-blood and had trouble resisting human sacrifice.

e.       Some prophesized a Judean Messiah, who would unite the 12 tribes in obedience and grant them peace on earth.

7.       3400 years ago, Egypt briefly worshipped one god, Aten, then restored polytheism

a.       Aten worshippers did not practice capital punishment.

b.       They did not protect the weak from the wealthy.

c.       They did not sacrifice animals as a principal practice.

d.       3350 years ago, priests influenced Tutankhamen to restore polytheism.

8.       2600 years ago, Greek philosophers advanced polytheism to human goodness and justice*. Contemporaneously, Zoroastrian Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire.

a.       2400 years ago, Plato developed political philosophy that discouraged democracy and favored justice grounded in human wisdom and good behavior [goodnesswhich]

                                                               i.      Socrates did not write; writers had him suggest that the god is goodness

1.       2435 years ago falsely-accused, unjustly-sentenced Socrates chose death, in order to defend the rule of law, civically unjust as it may be

                                                             ii.      Agathon thought [goodnesswhich] softly comes from the mind yet firmly neither causes nor accommodates harm.

                                                           iii.      590 years ago, Byzantine philosopher Georgius Gemistus Pletho blended Plato with Zoroaster to reject Christianity.

b.       2357 years ago, Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire.

                                                               i.      Soon, the Seleucids, Greek aristocrats, governed lands from from the Aegean Sea to what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan then expanded into Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Lebanon.

                                                             ii.      They governed Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, Georgians, Persians, Medes, Jews, Mesopotamians, and more, with centers in Seleucia and Antioch.

                                                           iii.      They accommodated many religions: Hellenism, Babylonian Sumerian mythology, Greek Judaism, and Zoroastrianism.

                                                           iv.      Hellenization dominated until annexation by Rome 2089 years ago.

c.       2350 years ago, Aristotle defined citizenship as public engagement for [goodnesswhich]

                                                               i.      760 years ago, Aquinas developed Aristotelian ideas as Christianity

                                                             ii.      360 years ago, the Age of Enlightenment developed and peaked in only 30 years

d.       2250 years ago, the Sasanian empire ruled Middle Persia, part of ancient Iran

                                                               i.      It fell to the Muslim conquest 1375 years ago

                                                             ii.      The Twelver Islamization of Iranian Persians prevailed 500 years ago

                                                           iii.      Modern Zoroastrian population is small; Persians comprise 60% of Iranians

9.       2500 years ago,

a.       In India, Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism.

b.       In China, Confucius founded Confucianism.

c.       In India, Hinduism became a movement with many local influences to a caste system

                                                               i.      Reincarnation is expected by many Hindus

                                                             ii.      Many Hindus believe-in a World Soul

10.   1965 years ago Pharisee-Jewish entrepreneur Sha’ul[j] projected Yeshua of Judea onto selected Hebrew-canon prophesy.

a.       But Sha’ul’s Messiah shed blood for everyone who believes Yeshua is Yahweh.

b.       Most Jews still await a Messiah who will unite the 12 tribes of Israel.

                                                               i.      Messianic Jews are Christians.

c.       The trinity, one God, has 3 characters and functions, including electing believers.

                                                               i.      Some Christians are nontrinitarians.

d.       Up to 50 years later, apostles whom Yeshua had chosen commented on Sha’ul’s writing.

e.       Competitors from Sha’ul’s and other churches continued to write.

f.        1650 years ago, the Pauline canon was decided.

11.   1390 years ago Muhammad called for everyone to[k] submit to Allah.

Geo-political debate for the recent 1400 years essentially ignores goodnesswhich explored during the prior 3800 years, at the then-leading-edge of 300,000 years’ Homo sapiens adaptation! The primitive Egyptians as well as the Sumerians each accepted RAP to rule on earth. A Semitic-speaking group left Sumer to resist human ceremonial-killing yet continued blood offerings. A Semitic minority, Israel, developed Yahweh predicated on divine favor in return for obedience including blood sacrifice. When Israel did not obey, they predicted a savior would develop from one branch and unite 12 tribes. A miniscule faction projected Yeshua onto the Jewish savior and modified the savior to serve pagans: one blood sacrifice would save everyone who believed. Another Semitic-speaking group, Arabs, developed their primitive literature beyond obedience unto submission. Unfortunately, all that energy never discovered goodnesswhich.

                In summary, the recent 1400 years of human history has suffered negligence of prior pursuit of goodnesswhich. How can scripture respecting stories from the past inform good behavior in 2026?

Scripture which affirms the laws of physics

                Many features of scripture suggest good behavior as humankind’s power to resist badness on earth. If we take the many Biblical deities as attempts to represent goodness, most passages can seemingly make dialectical sense. Substituting goodness for “God”, here are 4 pillars from only Judeo-Christianity:

1.       Rule life on earth in the image of goodness[l] (to me, practice goodnesswhich)

2.       Homo sapiens may choose to perfect goodness until their death[m]

3.       Behave perfectly during life[n] (meaning individuals and groups can pursue perfection[o])

4.       Goodness will not correct Homo sapiens’ errors[p]

The individual is in charge, faces death, can pursue perfection, and cannot expect relief from error. On these 4 principles, call them pillars, taken from the Hebrew canon then Pauline debate, a person may-and-can[q] choose to trust-in and commit-to personal goodnesswhich.

The rest of Judeo-Christian story-scripture informs the consequences of choosing either bad or evil behavior. Newborn infants and adolescent people may-and-can pursue goodnesswhich, practice it the moment they discover and intend it, then perfect their unique person unto maturity, no matter how low they may be at the moment. Individuals who adopt this way of living have the opportunity to influence their community, nation, and the world to pursue goodnesswhich. The question is:  What distracts humankind from good behavior?

Ancient barriers to goodnesswhich

Goodnesswhich may-and-can influence every Homo sapiens in every generation. However, scripture stories bemuse believers with competitive deities and doctrine. The person who humbles to whatever-constrains-the- consequences-of-choice can collaborate to influence goodnesswhich. However, the typical life is so short and busy that few take the time to consider goodnesswhich. I hope to change that millennial trend. The world’s education departments could encourage comprehension and intention to civic integrity* of, by, and for Homo sapiens.

Language and culture

Some estimates report 7,000 languages in the world, with 135 language families. The region from which western scripture developed, Mesopotamia, had 4 cultural influences noted by language: 2 language families, Afro-Asiatic (including Egyptian and Semitic languages, at least Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic) and Indo-European (including Greek and Persian), an isolate -- Sumerian, and later languages such as Turkic.

Original scribes of the Hebrew canon used Hebrew and Aramaic. The Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Hebrew. The scribes repressed/disparaged each other and 10 contemporary cultures: Egyptian, Babylonian (which succeeded Sumer), Persian, Roman, Canaanite, Philistine, Hittite, Assyrian and others. Each of these cultures featured diverse opinions, such as whether blood is needed/provided for divine bargaining. Egyptian, Babylonian, Sumerian, and Canaanite primitives and ancients ceremonially killed humans for sacrifice to gods and Gods.

Excluding Chinese, languages used, include Hindi, Spanish, French, Arabic,  and American, in proportion to English, 0.41, 0.38, 0.22, and 0.15, respectively. English dominates because of early British colonization plus recent American leadership. The fact that American English is only 15% of the total is little appreciated and insufficiently defended. Compare definitions of “racism”, for example.  

·         American usage: belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

·         In British usage: the belief that people of some races are inferior to others, and the behaviour which is the result of this belief.

The American usage addresses the laws of physics (blonds and brunettes are nonetheless Homo sapiens), while the British usage addresses social trends in some groups (white men are evil).

Death

                Among the laws of physics, death illustrates ineluctability. A characteristic of developed hope is to avoid death. Some cultures developed and nourish hopes to defeat death. Existing ideas include afterdeath life in mysterious utopia, reincarnation, and purgatory. Attempting to resist actual realities such as rapid decay of the body, cultures devised reincarnation, resurrection, and preservation in hopes of future technology to restore life.

Some of the remedies involve a soul mystery. Variations include spiritual utopia, reincarnation until perfection is approached, return to a universal soul or natural “spirit in the sky”, or soul and body a surviving stream of awareness. Perhaps concern/fear for the mysterious soul keeps a person from accepting RAP for life on earth.

Competitive religious doctrine from Canaan and Judea

Beginning in 50 CE, Pauline scribes wrote in Greek about Yeshua, son of Yosef and Miryam of Judea, projecting him as blood sacrifice for believers’ sins, whether Jew or pagan. Descendants of Ishmael, Abram’s first born son had developed Arabic ideas, and Muhammad assembled/developed the ideas before he died in 632 CE. Ancient scribes imagined individual quests for tribal benefits and wrote competitive scripture. Political power has dominant impact; for example, Zoroastrianism may be empathetically strong yet easily defeated/dismissed in war.

Organizers and institutions are responsible for widespread interest in scripture. Israel canonized the Hebrew canon 2200 years ago. Rome and Hippo (Algiers) canonized Pauline debate 1630 years ago. The complete Quran was published 1375 years ago. Interpretations of each are available in 800, 1800, and unreported number of languages, respectively, with fragments in more than 4000 languages. Almost everyone in the world, 99%, has access to at least part of the Hebrew canon and/or Pauline debate, yet most Homo sapiens don’t consider the whole story: the scripture with the Quran and more, such as Zoroaster’s writing and the primitive Sumerian civil codes. I contended with Judeo-Christian competition for nearly 8 decades and don’t feel capable of addressing other religions.

Judeo-Christian dominance

                Europe was originally polytheistic, for example, “Celtic” pagan. Worship would bargain favor in the afterdeath. Subjects lived or died on the whims of kings.

Church entrepreneur Sha’ul of Tarsus, was executed in pagan Rome in 67 CE. He was more convincing than fellow-Jew, Simon, who had denied the unjustly-accused Yeshua 3 times before Pontius Pilate executed him. In 312, Emperor Constantine converted to Pauline beliefs then led Rome to adopt Pauline-Catholicism (but with Simon as the rock), in order to control the pagans. The Roman canon was adopted in 382 CE. Beginning in the 16^th century, Western[r] Christianity competed exponentially in Europe, especially through Protestantism.

                Before its fall, the Roman Empire expanded eastward, with its Byzantine capital in today’s Istanbul. The Ottoman Empire invaded the European portions of Byzantine and captured Constantinople in 1453, establishing Islam as the state religion. The Byzantine Empire changed to the Turkey unitary presidential republic in 1923. While the population is 99% Sunni Muslim, there is no state religion. I think Islam spreads slower, because Homo sapiens prefer humility rather than submission. (See “integrity” in Appendix A.) I could be wrong.

Institutions sustain Judeo-Christianity at the civic factions’ expense

                Moses’ law used blood sacrifice to bargain with Yahweh, who had promised favor for Israel’s obedience. When Israel continually disobeyed, they predicted a savior would come to Israel and reform believers individually, in order to unite the 12 tribes unto a kingdom of peace. In 30 CE, a minor faction of Jews said that political philosopher Yeshua of Judea was Israel’s savior. The rabbinic faction, who swore against killing, persuaded the government to execute Yeshua in 33 CE. Pontius Pilate chose to execute an innocent man under coercion by rabbis who had no civil authority. [s] Yeshua defended himself as a witness to the truth[t] rather than king.

                The execution exacerbated both the stories about Yeshua and projection of those stories onto Hebrew-Bible-predictions. Yeshua’s apostles, expected to know, were questioned by eager people. But scribes had Yeshua complaining that apostles he chose did not understand.

Sha’ul of Tarsus, a Pharisee, advocated strict Mosaic law and persecuted Yeshua’s followers. Sha’ul was not among the 12 apostles Yeshua had chosen. Observing the executed Yeshua’s influence, Sha’ul dubbed himself apostle-to-the-pagans and in 36 CE developed church theory in Tarsus before moving to Antioch in 44 CE then taking his first church-recruiting journey until 46 CE. Pauline doctrine drew from each city he visited, as recorded in his epistles from 1 Thessalonians in 50 CE to Romans, 9 years later.  

The pagans disliked circumcision, required by Mosaic law. In 49 CE, Sha’ul went to Jerusalem to meet with the small faction of Jews who projected Yeshua as savior, in order to request relief from Mosaic male-circumcision[u] so the pagans could join Yahweh worship. Yeshua’s circumcision was reported.[v]

Counselors included Yochanan[w] and elders, Kefa, and Ya‘akov. The elders commended Mosaic law and circumcision. Kefa suggested that Jews were hypocrites to the pagans if not to humankind. Ya‘akov suggested allowing pagans to join believers, if they would practice neither 3 consumptions associated with idol worship nor fornication. Scriptural importance of sex rather than spousal appreciation and bonding seems shocking! The Counsel of Jerusalem, 49 CE, put the compromise in writing.[x] Arrogantly, Sha’ul departed to develop Pauline theology and churches. Ya‘akov advocated mimicking his brother, Yeshua[y]: pursue perfect behavior. Sha’ul promoted his churches rather than Yeshua’s influence to good behavior.

By 56 CE, Sha’ul wrote that Yeshua was Yehweh incarnate and blood-savior to all humankind.[z] In 57 CE Sha’ul arrogated Genesis 1, writing that women are not in The God’s image.[aa] Sha’ul died in 64 CE and someone wrote in 100 CE that Yeshua was savior to all believers.[bb] And another writer in 88 CE implied that Yeshua was Yahweh incarnate and died to fulfill his covenant.[cc] Sha’ul may have, but Ya‘akov did not equate Yeshua to God.[dd]

Sha’ul’s 7 epistles to 6 churches were written by 58 CE. They provide insights into early development of church doctrine and ethics. The rest of the Pauline canon came between 68 CE and 130 CE. Much of it seems opinion and commentary on Pauline theology. Since Yeshua did not write, authors were free to speculate, plagiarize, and construct stories. The book of Mark, in 69 CE, reports Yeshua’s use of healing and miracles to influence good behavior without suggesting theology. Matthew, in 78 CE, adds a virgin birth, rebuke of religious authority, and resurrected appearance to the apostles. Luke, in 86 CE, details the virgin birth and celebration, then in Acts details post execution interactions with the apostles and their eventual persecutions. Ya‘akov, Yeshua’s brother, published in 89 CE, addresses the 12 tribes of Israel rather than the pagans and thus includes Jews among humankind, emphasizing that regardless of grace, Christians may choose good behavior while Jews accept Yeshua. John, in 95 CE, is theological, claiming that Yeshua was The God, as proven by resurrecting a body after 3 days’ decay. The book, Second Peter, in 130 CE, accepts that the kingdom of peace has not yet come. Pauline claims that refute the laws of physics are suspect.

Israel remains expectant of a savior to them, so Yeshua-son-of-Yosef-of-Judea is not a feature of their modern literature. An ancient exception is Josephus, writing in 94 CE. Israel discontinued blood sacrifice and ceremony when the Romans destroyed the second temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. They could choose to resume ceremonial/sacrificial blood when a third temple is built.

In summary, Judeo-Christianity from 4000 years ago until 1900 years ago is a story of Homo sapiens overcoming ceremonial killing of people to provide blood and meat to appease gods. But blood sacrifice supplied by animal and fowl remain an option for Israel, while for Pauline Christians God incarnate came to earth, in order to provide body and blood for sacrifice for the souls of all believers. I think there are individuals whose religious beliefs aid their discovery and resiliency to perfect their goodness which. I have no desire to lessen such peoples’ motivation to good behavior.

Pauline canon hides Yeshua’s influence to goodnesswhich

                Opinions about Yeshua the political philosopher rather than competitive creator suggest he influenced goodnesswhich. He seemed to know of and advocate the Genesis 1 suggestion that only humankind may-and-can develop order from earth’s chaos. For example, when asked if a man can divorce his wife without cause, Yeshua’s response[ee] was grounded in Genesis 1. Each time the scripture depicts Yeshua speaking with a person or teaching a crowd, his influence to goodnesswhich seems reliable. Reports of Yeshua reversing the laws of physics are attempts to project his persona onto Hebrew prophesy and stories.

                Egregiously, institutions and churches misrepresent Yeshua’s 4-step process[ff] for human-conflict resolution as instruction to forgive. In Yeshua’s process, first, a person who thinks another has offended/harmed him or her, should privately discuss the concern. If the accused demonstrates that they were the harmed party, the accuser may reconsider and either defend or accept, apologize and make amends. Without resolution, second, the accuser asks another to consider their opinion and whether or not the third party is willing to engage the accused. If so, they approach the accused for discussion. If tripartite discussion happens without resolution, third, they consider taking the deliberation public. Without satisfaction, fourth, the accuser terminators association with the accused. Yeshua brought this instruction back to Genesis 1 – on earth, humankind is in charge.[gg]

                The Pauline canon advocates church opinion yet has many instances of Yeshua encouraging goodnesswhich, and I encourage the reader to discover them and share with us. However, I think Yeshua’s inherent influence to goodnesswhich is the reason most of the civic faction, especially in the United States republic’s separation of church from state, reserve humility to whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. Some people who pursue Judeo-Christian religion also pursue goodnesswhich. Through goodnesswhich, Yeshua’s influence lives even though many people are unware. I reserve humility about my opinion.

                In summary, Pauline Christianity has the pall of 1600 years of abuse to both women and non-believers. Competitive Christian focus on the body and blood of “Christ” competes with suspended-Jewish blood-covenants. The competitive clergy are responsible for the abuse to both Yeshua-influence and Homo sapiens. However, Yeshua goodnesswhich positively influences humankind. By emphasizing Yeshua’s influence rather Christ’s blood, Christianity could accelerate Homo sapiens’ progress toward dominant good behavior on earth, never expecting a utopia.

Christian developments in Europe

Boosted by Rome, Pauline debate became impactful in Europe, especially through Church competitiveness. Martin Luther, a German theologian, 500 years ago, protested the Pauline canon, especially inclusion of 2 books -- James and Revelation. Luther advocated personal judgment and choice. Protestant versus Catholic debate over Pauline canon repressed any goodnesswhich that could be informed by the Hebrew canon (the Tanakh).

In Western Europe, England’s Magna Carta (1215) promised to protect Catholic Church authority. But in 1534, the Church of England separated from the Catholic Church. Catholic monopoly on Judeo-Christian debate led to European Protestantism. German theologian Martin Luther posted Church objections in 1517. Religious wars ensued, including the Thirty Years’ War ending in 1648 and the Glorious Revolution in 1688 that started the Nine Years’ War ending in 1697. Desire for religious independence motivated many colonists to leave Europe and risk life in the new world. France, Spain, and Holland allied with the American-English colonists against England with German mercenaries to win USA independence at Yorktown, VA, in 1783.

Diverse Europeans, free blacks, and Russians, who settled with willing indigenous peoples the east coast of North America, a “new world”, unintentionally experienced RAP that became a meme of the typical inhabitant of the USA. The civic faction can articulate or condone goodnesswhich and encourage willing inhabitants to participate. The evil people rebuke statutory justice and thereby invite eradication.  The rest of Homo sapiens cannot grasp the United States republic.

The United States Republic

Colonial America favored Protestantism yet the nation established and maintains religious independence. In 1790 the United States was mostly Protestant -- Congregationalists, Baptists, and Anglicans. In 2024, United States religious demographic was 62% Christian (19% Catholic), 2.4% Jewish, and 1.2% Muslim or nearly 2/3 competitive-Bible believing. The other 38% pursue other traditions or sacred texts. Personal religious choice is not restricted in the United States republic. Even the Commander-in-chief, the President, who must assure that the Constitution is upheld, may and can express personal-religious-opinion or none.

Proffered American opportunity

                The United States republic, ratified in December, 1791, has flourished for 234 years. It is a one-of-a-kind constitutional-republic that is authorized by the civic people, each in their state. By “civic” I mean people who accept RAP-citizenship and preserve each other’s opportunity to pursue happiness. The civic faction* manages both their local government and state government and influences national representatives: Congresspersons, Senators, President with Vice-President, and others.

Any citizen may have reason to motivate a US Constitutional amendment but only 2/3 majority representatives in each the House and the Senate or 2/3 of states can effect subsequent ratification/rejection by 75% of the states. Some states may use a referendum for their ratification. The national-republic’s disconnect from democracy, with protection of each civic citizen’s vote is embedded in the amendable Constitution. The republic intentionally prevents national democracy. The civic faction understands the records of chaos produced by democracies, especially social democracy regardless of the laws of physics.

                I think independence empowers the United States to accommodate religious choice including none yet maintain constitutional law. That is, no religious doctrine has overthrown the civic faction. The non-believing civic citizen happily preserves various believer’s opportunities to choose, much as opera fans may choose their favorite opera or rock fans their favorite song. Religious believers may-and-can be civic – collaborate with the civic faction. Most of the world and many citizens do not comprehend the United States republic, yet its excellence sustains the civic citizen and their collective faction. So far, the civic faction prevails.

                In 2026, the United States seems to be rising from an abyss due to factional aliens: un-civic domestic subjects and foreigners cling to personal badness. Many people promote “our democracy”, hoping to defeat the United States republic. The civic faction may ponder how more individuals might join the happiness of pursuing joy through goodnesswhich. The Judeo-Christian majority claims excellent pursuit of goodnesswhich yet cannot subsist without non-believing civic citizens. Judeo-Christians may and can retain their hopes and comforts, fully aware that an attempt at precise, accurate, and deep understanding, such as this study, cannot possibly justify harm to infants, adolescents, and adults who are not Judeo-Christian. And it is up to minorities to collaborate and suggest acceleration to goodnesswhich among Homo sapiens. I think the USA could be great and am writing to suggest: accept imagined-mystery, such as The God as unknown, in order to focus on goodnesswhich. Humbly accept The God without further interest, in order to appreciate whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice.

Chapter II. The Laws of Physics Constrain Psychology

                The aware individual faces two major questions regarding an intentional life: what does it take to be Homo sapiens and how does a citizen aid public life where they live? Most people are too busy living to develop these questions and earn opinions. Education departments, worldwide, could and should promote, facilitate, and encourage youth and adults to comprehend Homo sapiens and commit-to civic integrity. But educators only train the workers the country assumes it needs. Most children want goodnesswhich from birth and would be happy to comprehend, intend, and have opportunity to pursue perfect behavior. Children would like to pursue what their future adult would have wanted to be if they had known from the beginning. That’s right: the human condition is burdened by the fact that the future world cannot be imagined and the adolescent may choose a path without knowing the destination their adult would desire.

The infant is one miracle in 8 billion who may survive ineluctable death long enough to create the future. In ancient Greece, infant and child-birth morality was high, and the median lifespan was near 30 years compared to 82 years today. The ancient Greeks who survived childhood also lived into their 80s. Goodnesswhich may and can increase lifespan.

Trusting-in and committing-to goodnesswhich

                As the most aware species, Homo sapiens has capacity for goodnesswhich that is rarely employed. Infants tend to pursue goodness; education departments inculcate fear and doubt rather than trust-in and commitment-to goodnesswhich. Education departments teach higher power rather than RAP; doubt rather than humility; doctrine rather than the laws of physics.

                Also, past concepts of goodnesswhich fell to greed. For example, the Sumerian demand that the rich not take advantage of the poor, widows, and orphans morphed into philanthropy, tithe, and taxes; organizers can skim the money streams. Capitalism hinges on consumption by choice and supply by creative viability rather than opportunism. Governments and religions redistribute revenues from workers in order to strengthen consumption by the poor, effecting aid the entrepreneurs. Correcting civil provisions for gaming the welfare system starts with the organizers. Only the civic faction can constrain the organizers.

                How does a person pursue goodnesswhich?

Basic lessons in goodnesswhich

A fundamental practice is to earn the food and shelter that supports personally wanted lifestyle. The person who uses employment to fund self-development for life rather than to build exceptional wealth finds joy. The person who is satisfied with stable life makes certain they can both pay the bills and save for the future. Often, they work for an entrepreneur or corporation, who accepted the burdens and risks to manage a business. The person who wants flourishing life may undertake operation of a small business. The person who wants exceptional wealth may take entrepreneurial risks to provide a needed/wanted good or service. Entrepreneurs save and manage inventory so as to sustain loss of current business. Informed consumers appreciate the hard work that reliable entrepreneurs deliver, so expect typical profit incorporated in the price. Practical viability is balanced by the laws of economics, a subset of physics: when there’s no market, there’s no reward. When providers don’t serve the customer’s needs, the customer finds a different product or service. Innovation promises loss of demand for current products and services.

                In daily encounters, it is important to recall Yeshua’s process for conflict resolution. A supplier will not improve the product or service if the customer does not report a problem. And future customers will suffer avoidable loss. With civic integrity, both supplier and consumer continually improve of goods and services until innovation starts the process again. Too often, the consumer and supplier relationship is perceived as adversarial and one or both parties behave egocentrically.

                Egocentricity is so universal that “the Golden Rule” has nearly 10 versions. The oldest is from Egypt, 4065 years ago, "Do to the doer to make him do." If this oldest version motivates good behavior by choice rather than coercion, it effects goodnesswhich. But confidence in the Golden Rule suppresses goodnesswhich. Even the popular expression encourages invasion of another’s privacy: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." And "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others," 2575 years old, ignores the other party’s wishes. In other words, the rule imposes the actor’s preference.

The consumer and supplier relationship instructs Homo sapiens regarding the insufficiency of the Golden Rule. A flourishing society, without emotions, is aware of collaboration as a means of accommodating economic innovation. The civic faction privately maintains justice in capitalism. However, not everyone understands the collaboration, and so far, socialism has attempted to impose consumer favor in the economic balance. The inevitable consequence is civil unrest.

When harm invades privacy in the nation

                In integrity, the civic faction aids development of justice in their nation. First, they civilly observe the law, even if it is unjust. Second, they consider ideas to amend unjust laws. Third, they engage fellow inhabitants in mutual pursuit of responsible living.

In the United States republic, the civic faction is engaged for life. Civic citizens encourage dissidents and rebels to help prevent harm. Civic citizens influence religious fellows to be humble toward whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice even as they pursue the religion. Civic citizens help constrain criminals. Civic citizens oppose wickedness and violence. Civic citizens aid eradication of evil. Not everyone participates in civic citizenship, and privacy is paramount as long as there is no harm to or from anyone.

I think the United States republic is the best candidate to establish and maintain goodnesswhich. But what if the English language constrains thought? It would do me no harm if Farsi-speaking or Koine-Greek-speaking people imagine and influence order from earth’s chaos. I wonder if the Farsi-speaking faction in Iran would like to update Zoroastrianism and suspect they’d need increased will to annihilate evil. I wonder if 80% of people in Greenland would like to return to the Intuit religion.

The chief function of government is to assure the infant will have the opportunity to choose goodnesswhich, and, according to physics, that requires economic viability. But 45% of the world population lives in poverty, 10% at subsistence level. I suspect that the laws of physics cannot be held responsible. Has Homo sapiens accepted RAP to bring order to earth’s chaos?

Chapter III. Goodnesswhich requires open-minded consideration of missteps

                In Chapter 1, we briefly reviewed some things that had to happen before Homo sapiens reached the year 2026. In Chapter II, we related both government and religion to the laws of physics. In Chapter III, we review bad behavior recorded in the literature, in order to suggest not utopia, but a global increase in goodnesswhich.

Slighting Eastern Mediterranean and Mesopotamian primitive progress

                Primitive Homo sapiens speculated that anthropomorphic otherworldly-beings acted-on and could be mimicked on earth. Sumer, Egypt, Greece, and Germany became polytheistic 6500, 5100, 5000, and 4000 years ago, respectively. Sumer was conquered. Egypt, Greece, and Germany became monotheistic -- Egypt to Aten, a sun god, briefly, 3351 years ago then to Allah in 1971. Greece adopted Pauline Christianity in 380 CE, influenced by Constantine. Charlemagne imposed Christianity to German Saxons around 800 CE. In this timeline, Charlemagne was distant enough from the Abrahamic religions[hh] to fruitlessly imagine ending the competitiveness.

Polytheism lessens as research resolves unknowns. For example, once research discovered that the sun is a natural nuclear reactor, it was difficult to convince people that the sun responds to sacrificial bargaining. As discovery lessens the pantheon of unknowns attributed to gods, the need for gods reduces to either zero or The God; except for competition for political power. It seems impossible for churches to spare humility to whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice, be it the laws of physics, The God, or something else. But every church could adopt humility.

Kings believed that a patron god gives a city/nation hope against natural threats and military power. Thereby, gradually, polytheism gave way to monotheism; but without integrity. Competitive cultures claim their God and attempt to impose it on your God, other Gods, The God, Homo sapiens, and whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice.

The principal slight to Egyptian and Mesopotamian primitives is the ancients not recognizing that polytheism was destined to eliminate religious doctrine, while monotheism opened unlimited unknowns with no evidentiary bases – no integrity. But there’s more. What the primitives learned has been hidden from this generation: there is opportunity for good intentions to ourselves and our posterity.

The sequence of Sumer kings was astonishingly accomplished

Situated in the Middle East’s trade corridor, Sumer, with female and male gods, had both women and men in leadership roles, invented the wheel for work, invented irrigation, invented writing, and developed law codes. Kings were earthy administrators for the gods. Society was organized to support the gods, especially each city’s patron god. Elite people were educated for priesthood or government. The earliest recovered code, Ur-Nammu, punished criminals using fines rather than physical revenge (which causes disability); yet they applied capital punishment for murder and sacrilege. Slaves were deemed property yet could marry a slave. The rich and powerful could not take advantage of widows, orphans, and the poor. I know of no other civilization that so intentionally worked to order life in their part of earth. The Babylonians conquered Sumer 3775 years ago.

A Semitic-speaking group invents an influential monotheism

A Semitic-speaking group in Mesopotamian Ur, perhaps to escape human sacrifice[ii] that was practiced by some cultures there, departed, 4015 years ago to find a new place to live. They continued blood sacrifice by killing animals and birds, but worked hard to prevent human-killing for sacrifice to gods.[jj] Before they began to record their experiences, they briefly reviewed human history, in their opinion, in Genesis 1 through Genesis 2:5. That scripture claims a creator charged men and women to rule on earth, perhaps a Sumerian suggestion. Genesis 1 presents creation of women, who bear eggs, and men who inseminate them.

However, the Semitic Mesopotamians wrote on to subjugate both women and the poor and illustrate the consequences of avoiding responsibility to rule on earth. They employed violence. A locally developed God, Yahweh, directed Adam to tend a garden[kk] then victimized women by creating Eve from Adam’s rib, bemusing female creation claimed in Genesis 1 and the source of eggs.

From the Semitic Mesopotamian clan, in Northern Syria, about 3850 years ago, Terah’s great-grand-son, Jacob, with 2 wives and their 2 servants -- 4 matriarchs --- sired 12 sons who would become Israel.[ll] [With multiple mates in men’s lives, it is more reliable to consider tribal behaviors through matriarchs. For example, Mesopotamian Abram’s firstborn was Ishmael, the son of Hagar.] The 4 matriarchs of Israel were Leah (older) and her servant Zilpah and Rachael and her servant Bilhah. Leah and Rachael were Mesopotamian and Zipah and Bilhah were foreigners.

Thus appeared the tribes to be called Israel, a small branch of the descendants of Terah and a small branch from Abram’s second son, Isaac. Moses received God’s instructions to Israel about 3473 years ago, and gave written instructions to the sons of Levi:  If Israel would obey God’s commands, they would unite as the kingdom that would bring peace to the earth.[mm] As they strategized to take the land of Canaan, Moses instructed that Yahweh would champion Israel.

Monotheism fosters irresponsibility

                Because the Semitic-Mesopotamians who left Ur did not appreciate polytheism’s example of taking care of the gods and life on earth, they developed competitive Gods. One faction, Israel, depended on Yahweh to protect them in war and other choices.

                Among Moses’ instructions to Israel is charity to the poor.[nn] Sumer’s idea of the wealthy not taking advantage of the poor was replaced with charity/compassion/empathy.

It is well known that the best form of care for the weak is to motivate them to obtain the education that empowers them to earn their food, shelter, and security, plus savings for the future. However, entrepreneurs leaving scraps for the poor has developed into widespread religious philanthropy and taxation. Organizers skim the revenues to aid entrepreneurs. Welfare taxes the middle class in order to maintain the poor so that they can consume whatever entrepreneurs supply – not necessarily what the poor want to consume. That strengthens the consumer side for the supplier’s benefit at the expense of workers. In other words, the powerful skim taxation of the middle class that is used to support the welfare state. The churches skim a similar scam based on tithes.

                Taking 5500 year-old advice from Sumer, we might educate youth and adults to constrain chaos in their ways of living, in order to avoid, for example, tolerating the food a bureaucrat or a philanthropist would choose to provide them. With more citizens taking responsibility in their way of living, entrepreneurial power to manipulate consumers weakens. The middle class strengthens. The civic faction is empowered.

                While individual responsibility is important, the larger problem with monotheism is the competitiveness it establishes and maintains. Moses’ instructions incorporate violence against non-Jewish peoples, and Homo sapiens has imaginations that empower competition. Israel is vulnerable, because it is predicated on obedience to an unknown power, lessening RAP. Internal dispute arose when a politically active person, Yeshua of Judea, asserted improvements on Moses’ law. Yeshua advocated goodnesswhich.

Christianity disputes both Judaism and goodnesswhich

                When Israel habitually failed Moses’ law, they developed expectation of a king and priest who would unite the 12 tribes and grant them a kingdom of peace on earth. Moses, expecting Hosea to lead Israel to conquer Canaan, changed “Hosea”, meaning “salvation”, to Joshua; in Hebrew, "Yehoshua", meaning “Yahweh is salvation”. Yehoshua shortens to Yeshua, "salvation" or "to deliver."

                Sha’ul, in letters written 17 years after local and Roman officials executed Yeshua of Judea, projected the Judean’s persona onto Hosea, who led Israel in their invasion of Canaan[oo]. But under Hosea, Israel was not obedient, so a new covenant was needed.[pp] When Hosea’s covenant failed, the Hebrew Bible extends it to a son of David.[qq] However, Pauline writers controversially top Hosea/Joshua/Yehoshua, claiming Yeshua of Judea is God, incarnate for all believers.[rr] It seems if Hosea had succeeded, Yeshua would not have been executed.

                During the era from 4000 years ago to 2000 years ago, the Hebrew canon suppressed 1500 year-old primitive thought. Then, 1900 years ago, Pauline debate projected Yeshua of Judea onto Hebrew prophesy and Arab competition, increasing neglect of 1500 years of thought. Now, 2000 years later, Homo sapiens if not Judeo-Christians may-and-can benefit from unemotional consideration of the literature.

The Arabic Semitic-speakers

                Not so humbly, the author of Genesis 16 disparaged the house of Hagar, mother of Abram’s firstborn, Ishmael. Hagar was Egyptian. Egyptian women could own property and witness against men in court. Ancient Jews were patriarchal, even misogynistic. For example, Abram, to save himself, hedged wife Sarah as sister.[ss] When Sarah became pregnant with Isaac, Hagar considered fleeing to Egypt but later decided to stay under Abram’s care. When Isaac was 2 years old Ishmael, whom Abram loved,[tt] was 16.  

                Some Arab Semitic-speakers empathize with firstborn Ishmael rather than second born Isaac in Abram’s temptation to murder his son.[uu] The Hebrew canon reports it was “only son” Isaac.[vv]

Abram’s third spouse, Keturah[ww] also had descendants who were Arab-speakers.

If subjugation of women is unsupported, as in Egypt and Sumer, Abram’s behavior seems negative of not misogynistic, especially claiming she was his sister, in order to save himself.

European “age of enlightenment”: attempts to refute the laws of physics

                In 1452 then 1493, respectively, the pope authorized Portugal then Spain to colonize non-Christian indigenous peoples in the Americas and elsewhere, using African-slave labor. Europeans had advanced Chinese technology from the 10^th century to invent the musket, which empowered them to explore the world and colonize unarmed peoples. Exploration reached beyond international trade unto colonization by diverse agents.

                Only 416 years ago, Galileo Galilei, announced convincing evidence that the earth rotates about the sun annually and on it axis daily, crushing the religious theories that the earth is the center of the universe and flat. The power of ineluctable evidence inspired a misguided age of reason labeled “Enlightenment”. Since reason cannot undo the laws of physics, the age ended when individual liberty, solidarity, and democracy producing the bloody French Revolution of 247 years ago. The USA fought a war for independence to pursue RAP then recapitulated to “freedom and liberty”.

Failure of reason; a segue to liberation theology

                The French Revolution, 1789, failed to defeat capitalism. Karl Marx had imagined (1848) that the working class could overthrow government using communism. Only 70 years ago, in Latin America, Catholic dissidents joined Marxists to create liberation theology --- the theory that the oppressed class can overcome their oppressors, who are “diabolically” empowered by Christian misinterpretation of the Judeo-Christian Bible.

                The misguided global consequence is diversity, equity, and inclusion – the religion of Homo sapiens who feel owed the happiness they perceive they-want, even though they commit-to nothing, even self. It seems preposterous yet is a natural resistance to the exclusivity of Pauline beliefs. In other words, it seems rebellion against Judeo-Christianity. Relief could and should come from widespread adoption of goodnesswhich.

One nation pursues independence

                Reacting to the wars grounded in European social democracy, the settlers in the eastern seaboard of North America became aware of the RAP they innately embraced, in order to settle a new world. Reacting to initial discovery by Portuguese and Norse explorers, then colonial competition between Spain, France, the Netherlands, and Great Britain, the settlers on the eastern seaboard of North America realized and resisted being subjects of European competition. The civic faction chose citizenship.

                In the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), Great Britain defeated France regarding lands on 4 continents. USA colonists, as subjects, fought against France and indigenous inhabitants and in 1763 recognized that their colonies did not benefit. This exacerbated continual objections to placement of African slaves in America, beginning with the Dutch delivery to Virginia in 1619 but dominated by England in the Atlantic Slave Trade of the 18^th century. The first Continental Congress, on October 20, 1774 published the statement,

We will neither import nor purchase, any slave imported after the first day of December next; after which time, we will wholly discontinue the slave trade, and will neither be concerned in it ourselves, nor will we hire our vessels, nor sell our commodities or manufactures to those who are concerned in it.

Good intentions; but first, they had to win independence.

France, Spain, and the Netherlands helped 13 colonies win global statehood at Yorktown, VA in 1781. Having won independence to 13 named states, in 1783, George Washington urged formation of a nation with 4 pillars: one federal administrator, justice, military strength, and domestic goodwill [civic goodnesswhich].

In late May 1787, delegates from 12 of 13 states met and framed the United States republic. The required 9 states ratified the intended Constitution, to be amended with a Bill of Rights, in 1788; 11 states began operations in March 1789. They scheduled termination of slave importation for 1808. Congress completed its assignment to add a Bill of Rights, and the negotiated Constitution was ratified in December 1791.

The consequences of the work begun in 1763 and completed in 1791 accommodates the intentions of Genesis 1:26-27: humankind is charged to order life on earth. But the work was only begun. And ending slavery took another 74 years plus the Civil War, which claimed more USA lives than lost in all others through the Korean War.

What remains is acceptance that civic independence requires comprehension and beneficial use of the laws of physics. None of obedience, surrender, submission, or conformity expresses humility to whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. Ethics to actual-reality does not yield to emotions, even though passion can ruin RAP.

Personal awareness

                In Chapter III, we outlined opinion about what happened to original goodness, so far, asserting that each person may-and-can pursue goodnesswhich. In the next chapter, we will consider how an individual or group might pursue civic integrity. The 1763 Treaty of Paris gave Great Britain territories in Canada and east of the Mississippi River and Louisiana to Spain. (France regained Louisiana in 1800.) The taste of RAP motivated Americans to intend independence. Europeans cannot imagine the American meme. To illustrate:  I asked a young man walking in the park what he thought about protestors who perpetrate violence, and he responded, “I don’t care what they do and how the police handle it, as long as they stay off my property.” I think his response is passive subjectivity: a civic citizen wants the police to protect public space. Yet, it is typical Americana to focus on privacy.

                I think nourishing personal hate is responsible for the Alinsky-Marxist radicalism that currently plagues earth. People who perceive they have human rights overlook RAP and blame civic citizens for the consequences. Frustrated that they can’t persuade, coerce, or force civic citizens to feed, clothe, and shelter them, they nourish frustration unto loathing that that diverts their path to goodnesswhich. If they cause harm, their status worsens. Underlying this bemusement is the fact of 45% of earth’s inhabitants not being served by education departments.

Chapter IV. The pursuit of civic integrity

                The reader may have formed a view of goodnesswhich during the review of Homo sapiens development so far. In this chapter, I want to share opinion about the potential for each infant to comprehend, preserve and develop goodnesswhich by experiencing civic integrity, which establishes and maintains civil order. The sooner a person perceives potential personal civic integrity, the more likely they will intend goodnesswhich.

Civic categories that exclude evil

                Recalling that by “civic”, I mean protecting and defending mutual opportunity to choose goodnesswhich in every personal action, it is important to consider the possible variations in behavior. The civic concerns are enumerated in the preamble to the United States Constitution, in my view: integrity, justice, safety, strength, prosperity, and responsibility. (See Appendix A on “civic faction”.) The preamble accommodates the actual “creation”, primitively expressed in Genesis 1. The preamble’s intentions apply to every race and religion, excepting evil.

                I suggest 8 categories of civil inhabitants or subjects of statutory justice: civic, passive, dissident, rebel, religious, criminal, wicked, and evil. The civic citizens work to stay informed about legislation and adjudication that accommodates the 7-membered civil majority, which excludes evil. The non-evil seven, together, continually improve goodnesswhich according to personal discovery and practice during each generation; that is in personal space and time. Unfortunately, many people do not survive badness and some would never intend goodnesswhich even if they comprehended it. Evil people oppose order, let alone statutory justice.

Among Homo sapiens, citizenship expresses inclusion in the legislative provisions of that land wherein the person claims permanent residence. Physical conditions in specific countries impose locally specific work. For example, responsible living in cold climates like Siberia differs from living in Hawaii. Also, peoples may have different religions or none. If a religion is not aiding life, an individual may change. As a result, social attitudes differ, and one consequence is division of humankind into nations with differing civil obligations. Among the civil faction, there is no competition – only collaboration to develop statutory justice, even when suffering constraint for bad behavior, never expecting a utopia.

However, there remains the possibility of individuals who perceive civic obligation to influence their nation to pursue badness, yet expecting favor to achieve their utopia. Thus, some individuals, societies, and nations oppose civic government. So far, national competition keeps humankind divided and subject to local law. There is no community of goodnesswhich-nations.

Now, here are the categories respecting individual inhabitants: citizens, subjects, and evil people.

The civic citizen

                The civic citizen accepts the responsibility to practice, promote, encourage, and facilitate goodnesswhich. Thus, he or she impacts their family, associations, societies, culture, city, state, nation, and earth to discover and practice goodnesswhich. In civic integrity, any mistakes are not to be repeated. Thereby, people develop goodness rather than badness or worse.

                The civic citizen might start each day by reminding themselves that they want to behave so as to evoke appreciation. When they observe personal error, they accept fault and make amends, either immediately or in retrospect. For example, I now realize that in the confusion I recently suffered, I egregiously got in front of a family in the Costco-checkout-chaos. I contributed a precious $100 to a foundation as a civic penalty and reminder to myself. In other words, the pursuit of good behavior is personal yet can be managed on a universal scope. I will not allow Costco-confusion to control again, because I do not want to subject myself to more $100 penalties.

                The civic citizen seeks and considers the opinions of fellow inhabitants, always wanting new viewpoint that could improve personal opinion. The civic citizen “never met a stranger” yet escapes evil.

                The civic citizen considers elected and appointed government officials subjects of the United States republic and citizens only if they share the intentions stated in the preamble.

The passive subject

                The civic faction tries to persuade passive inhabitants to not let others fulfill civil necessities and civic duty. For example, uncivil passives don’t stay informed about legislation and don’t vote in elections and referenda. Thereby, they let others abuse their opportunity to improve life. Un-civic passives don’t take action when they see someone needs aid or constraint. For example, an arthritic person was having trouble using the swimming-pool ladder, and the nearest person gave aid while others took no interest. It is unfortunate when a mature person realizes they drifted unto death rather than intending life.

The dissident subject

The civic faction offers and facilitates dialogue with inhabitants who oppose their nation. For example, people who want democracy oppose the United States republic. Democracy, is chaos, because the public pursues temporal ideas of success if not survival rather than RAP. One purpose of this writing is to assert that the United States republic pursues goodnesswhich.

Among dissidents to the United States republic are ancestors of Europeans who never understood goodness which motivated people to emigrate to North America. Settlers perceived opportunity and accepted the RAP to brave the risks. Their accomplishments influenced the attitudes of both their offspring and newcomers arriving daily from Europe and other continents. Neither religious-preference nor skin-color distinguished civic-opportunity seekers.

Early European businesses imposed slavery in North America, creating two oppressed populations: the slaves and the overseers. Black people who came on their own were free to join in the pursuit of civic-opportunity. Slave owners, black or white, were free to admit the evil and sell all their “property”. Colonists realized they were being abused.

When the civic faction in the British colonies declared independence from England, they sensibly forestalled the slavery question until after winning the revolutionary war. Nearly a century later, white Christians fought white Christians in the Civil War. The United States republic emancipated the slaves. The Civil War demonstrated that a state or coalition of states who want to secede from the United States republic must have the economic and military power to take the nation. That is, sanctuary states and others who resist the United States republic invite federal subjugation. Modern states who want to secede may-and-can prepare to defeat the United States republic.

In the beginning, Homo sapiens were dark-skinned. Only 15,000 years ago white-skin became genetic after 50,000 years with less UV radiation. Some inhabitants to this day contend that skin color is a valid basis for exclusion. They subject themselves to racism, which is dissident to the United States republic and to humankind. Thus, racists subsist in subjugation to Homo sapiens.

I hope this study motivates some citizens to consider whether or not anyone unwilling to choose the intentions of the United States republic is a subject or an alien. I think non-evil people living here who neither comprehend nor aid the intentions stated in the preamble to the United States Constitution are dissident subjects.

The rebel subject

The civic faction opposes rebel inhabitants, who distinguish themselves by perpetrating violence, whether psychological or physical.

Inhabitants who are violent over racism are rebels.

Most of the media is rebel, because their reporters take the position that the First Amendment guarantees irresponsible/harmful freedom of the press. However, the civic faction, defined by the preamble to the Constitution, demands a press that independently aids pursuit of the republic’s intentions.

Inhabitants who oppose gun ownership are rebels, because civic integrity demands personal strength when self-defense is required. If my neighbor shows up with a gun, I’m going to ask him or her about their concern, in order to consider joining their cause. The same is true for a neighbor who chooses to burn their American flag: I’m not going to burn mine but may want to join their cause.

Ancestors of Europeans who did not return to their home country after the United States won independence may not have overcome belief in monarchy, democracy, socialism, communism, or government other than the unique United States republic. They are rebel subjects.

The religious subject

The civic faction cautions religious inhabitants who refuse RAP – people who take hope and comfort in mystery, often their God or their church; in other words, people who could do the right thing but don’t. They take pride in their hopes without reserving humility to whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice (which could be The God, the laws of physics, or something I can’t imagine). They convict non-believers of doubt, not accepting humility.

Some religious inhabitants elect a God to comfort their life so wait for higher power (miracle or military) to effect civil and civic good behavior. They overlook the possibility of accepting and pursuing a God/church yet adopting RAP to aid goodnesswhich. The clergy know this human weakness but perpetuate it to preserve their institution. The popes sequentially pretend that eternity will fulfill their latest opinion. Some believers feel that righteousness, family, and stewardship to the faith is sufficient. I think it is possible to be religious yet maintain civic integrity. I could be wrong.

Focus on belief can distract a person from RAP. X-ray shows that I have some damaged discs connecting my pelvis. When I suffer pain there, I correct my posture. Yeshua cautioned individuals not to be distracted by spiritualism – not to worry[xx], not to surrender to cults[yy], and to practice goodnesswhich from the moment it is discovered[zz]. But Yeshua did not advise people to pray for healing from sickness.

Some governments are aware of the power of heartfelt belief so partner with religion in order to control the people. However, even when there is a majority religion, the civic faction trusts-in and commits-to ineluctable evidence, rather than mystery.

In the United States republic, the civic faction may-and-can control the 3 branches of government. The civic faction already knows when reporters lie. Each civic citizen can influence their interconnected groups and Homo sapiens to pursue goodnesswhich. Civic good behavior retires secularism. The image of “beacon for freedom and democracy” may-and-can be retired, in order to favor goodness-which-motivates-good-behavior.

When religious inhabitants accept RAP, their religious choice is not less-important than preferring a professional sport or musical genre.

The criminal subject

The civic faction constrains criminal inhabitants and facilitates reform in hope of restoring mutual opportunity.

The wicked subject

The civic faction resists wicked inhabitants, hoping they will reform and that civil inhabitants will reject wicked influence and facilitation.

The evil subject

The civic faction aids elimination of evil inhabitants, who are so psychologically obsessed/demented that their only relief is death. For example, the person who beheaded an infant is evil and should be annihilated under statutory law. The civic faction may-and-can accept the RAP to civilly annihilate evil people and their organizers. The organizer who wants to ruin Homo sapiens is evil.

Terminating an evil person is a civil responsibility that must be adjudicated rather than eradicated by vigilantism. The leaders of the world’s nations are ultimately responsible for justice, preferably statutory justice or written law. Where there is written law, the evil person, by intolerable behavior or deeds, invites and accommodates his or her lawful execution.

Some major religions approve executions but have differing justifications. Judaism says killers may be executed.[aaa] Pauline theology reports execution of Yeshua as Yahweh-incarnate or blood sacrifice for believers.[bbb] The Quran adds rape, adultery, and homosexual intercourse and eliminates government --- the clergy is in charge. Buddhism reluctantly accepts some capital punishment. Confucianism differs to moral education. Most Unitarian Universalists would reform justice so as to tolerate murder. Genesis 1:26-27 holds Homo sapiens solely responsible for order, which demands action when evil is encountered.

Behaviors summary

                There are other ways to categorize behaviors. My analysis is intended to show that civic integrity accommodates a myriad of behaviors, excepting evil. Fellow inhabitants may live with combinations of the 7 civil behaviors. Excluding evil, there are 823,543 civil variations. In proportion, earth’s 8 billion inhabitants tolerate 9714 evil people – about 10 thousand among 8 billion people.  

                The 8 behaviors may be used to assess practices of individuals, societies, cities, states, nations, cultures, and Homo sapiens. No one knows perfect behavior; therefore, utopia does not seem viable. So as long as there is no harm to or from Homo sapiens, no one should perceive compulsion to change civic intentions even as civil groups improve. Yet civic perfection is a journey toward an evolving goal.

In actual-reality, each person is unique. Persuading most people to pursue goodnesswhich is not easy, as history has shown. But imagining widespread good behavior is a first step. The consequences would never lead to utopia, because statutory law improves with discovery and better litigation. Also, education and acceptance are both imperfect. However, the first requirement is to intend goodnesswhich.

So far, I have opined about the way politics developed at the edge of 300,000 years with Homo sapiens. In Chapter V, I suggest how to effect a step change from the status quo to the pursuit of goodnesswhich.

Chapter V. Things are not what they seem

Regarding comprehension, society expects youth to emerge from a vail of faith in mystery. I am reminded of a joke, whose author I do not know, about the threat of drowning. Impressed with speed, a Louisiana man asks, “How did you learn to swim so fast?”

“My dad taught me. He threw me in the swamp with all those moccasins and alligators.”

“That’s a hard way to learn.”

“It’s not too bad, once you get out of that sack.”

Beginning with my parents teaching me Santa Clause, then continuing church influence until I was 82, I learned that Judeo-Christian literature affirms physics but with stories impossible to comprehend. Readers may and can comprehend actual-reality once they overcome faith in doctrine; physics does not respond to reason. There’s no doubt I want youth to be reared to both trust-in and commit-to the ineluctable evidence to whatever-constrains-the-consequence-of-choice. Educators should inculcate impacts of Homo sapiens’ history.

Key cultural opportunities to Homo sapiens

                None of the cultures I reviewed directly suggests goodnesswhich, I think for 2 reasons. First, none assumes the group that is being developed: Homo sapiens itself. Second, most writers focus on a like-minded group and utopia to their doctrine. In review,

1.       Polytheistic Indus Valley Civilization developed democracy with counsel by practical thinkers. There was neither domestic nor foreign military power. Female was the originating gender.

2.       Including service to polytheism, Sumerian kings developed RAP by humankind. Inhabitants who behaved badly were punished, mostly by fines, with adjudication using written codes. Murder and sacrilege justified execution. Women could lead.

3.       Israel competed in monotheism, with divine favor predicated on obedience and blood sacrifice. Men subjugated women. When Israel did not adopt obedience, an anointed priest-king was predicted to unite the 12 tribes in their utopia. Blood sacrifice was suspended when the Romans destroyed the second temple.

4.       Persians adopted Zoroastrianism, a monotheism that promotes intentional good thoughts, good words, and good deeds rather than avoidance of punishment. They had no standing army.

5.       A small faction of contemporary Jews thought the executed Yeshua of Judea was the expected anointed one. Their projection was rejected by most Jews. But Paul, a legalistic Jew, declared himself emissary to the pagans and developed churches, whose members rejected male circumcision. Paul developed flawed arguments that Yeshua was Yahweh-incarnate, come from utopia to develop blood for sacrifice, in order to save believers in their afterdeath. Only 400 years ago, Europeans attempted to replace Yeshua’s personhood with Pauline Jesus Christ.

6.       Ancient Semitic-speaking people, Arabs, opposed Israel’s monotheism and united as Muslims. Some Muslims hope that sooner or later, Judeo-Christianity, at least, will submit to Allah.

7.       I think Homo sapiens may and can accept the RAP to develop goodnesswhich, in order to constrain if not eliminate evil. It may take a mutation.

Pivotal Political Philosophers

                Ultimate politics equates to power over humankind. A few political philosophers have changed Homo sapiens’ journey. An AI search yielded the list: Plato, Aristotle, John Locke, Karl Marx, and John Stuart Mill. The response omitted four I admire for focus on Homo sapiens:

·         Ur-Nammu, 4100 years ago, informed the strong not to take advantage of the weak

·         Socrates, died 2425 years ago, promoted good behavior rather than higher power

·         Yeshua of Judea, died 1992 years ago, suggested Homo sapiens can perfect good behavior

·         Albert Einstein, died 70 years ago, suggested that goodness is motivated by consequences of the laws of physics rather than by passion.

Chapter VI. Education

Every department of education both for youth and for adults can be reformed so as to promote goodnesswhich. The community is an educator and can practice, promote, and facilitate goodnesswhich.

Each generation pursues three necessities: present, future, and past. What do I need at this moment? What do I want my person to become? How could the past inform me? Considerations in space and time are increasingly staggering. Public opinion befuddles and bemuses yet enriches the intentional listener. Publishing a journal empowers a person to collaborate with their public thoughts and update when necessary. How can education departments succeed? Should they address temporal desires, the matured personal goal; should they facilitate progress toward mystery or preserve mysterious tradition?

Educating to preserve tradition may burden the student with past human-error. Preparation for the future cannot prevent unforeseen developments. Adults who struggle to survive cannot inform youth about unknown, future challenges. Adults may-and-can accept RAP, in order to inform youth about the evidence-for, methods-of, and actions-that pursue goodnesswhich. The adult who expresses gratitude for personal RAP rather than pleads for opportunity proffers the example youth need.

The present competition between DEI, conservative education, and parental choice can be replaced with civic collaboration for goodnesswhich. But who determines goodnesswhich, and what are the standards? What constrains the consequences of choice?

Education competition

                Recent US emphasis was to “train the workers we need” rather than to educate youth to comprehend each 1) what it means to be a Homo sapiens and 2) how to be a citizen rather than a subject to the law or geo-political power. Emphasis turned to parental acceptance of responsibility for their offspring: but parents cannot imagine the future. School-choice is popular for K-12, and civil education has arrived on campus. But the human responsibility is civic order. Subjects cannot be expected to rear their children to pursue goodnesswhich, because goodnesswhich has not been taught.

Homo sapiens is the only living species that may-and-can choose to pursue order on earth --- other species are dominated by instinct or less. Citizenship requires comprehension-of and commitment-to a nation’s intentions to pursue statutory justice. The United States pursues perfection of its unique republic. The United States republic states its intentions in the preamble to the Constitution. Inhabitants who do not trust-in and commit-to the United States republic are nonetheless subject to its laws, whether they submit or not and even if the laws unintentionally feature injustice. Conversely, no government can force subjects to be citizens.

Some educators perceive each student should experience a classical liberal education. But what does that mean? Reading, writing, and arithmetic, or the trivium: grammar, logic, and rhetoric, plus the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy? There doesn’t seem enough time in the human lifespan to teach the ineluctable evidence by these methods, and Homo sapiens’ awareness and knowledge is expanding exponentially. Imposing selected past on current youth expresses doubt in individual RAP in their time.

Progressive educators refute the Genesis-1 premise that female and male Homo sapiens is in the image of whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. To progressives, if a person decides to change their gender, the consequential life-dependency to the transgender industrial complex justifies personal arrogance against the laws of physics. How can uninformed autonomy facilitate pursuit of mystery? How can progressives imagine imposing their will on youth? How can misled youth arrogate the maturity they’d like to pursue? Perhaps what is important is discovering goodnesswhich early, in order to pursue good behavior for a complete life-span.

Religious institutions intend to impose faith-in-doctrine by age 7, hoping the person will believe and tithe for life. Consequential revenues sustain the institution. As Homo sapiens discovers and resolves the unknowns, the clergy modify their doctrine so as to maintain residual or innovative mysteries unto eternity. History shows believers don’t object to unreliable doctrine. The present generation is being urged to be humble. Humility is denigrated as doubt. The civic faction within believers may-and-can end this charade, by influencing their chosen religion to pursue goodnesswhich.

The purpose of this study is to inspire educators in all institutions to collaborate to practice, promote, facilitate, and guide both youth and adults unto goodnesswhich and allow good behavior to conduct the journey. The laws of physics constrain psychology and thereby goodnesswhich. In other words, goodnesswhich applies to both the physical and the psychological aspects of life.

Strong start

There’s no delight that compares with eye-and-facial-engagement with an appreciative newborn Homo sapiens. Fortunate is the child who maintains self-confidence through age 7, and rare is the adolescent who maintains appreciation of independence. Usually, appreciation turns to doubt and develops into fear. The nonagenarian who is enthusiastic to live another 3 decades then suddenly die is rare.

I think such appreciation is rare, because humankind, so far, has not accepted the Genesis-1 message that Homo sapiens may-and-can choose to practice goodnesswhich on earth. For example, my birth community tried to convince me that I am a sinner, unworthy of the glory of God. That teaching directly refutes Judeo-Christian scripture, as presented in this study’s Chapter 1 Section, “Scripture which affirms the laws of physics”.

A premise of this study is that the community may-and-can inculcate to most Homo sapiens the opportunity, from birth until death, to discover and practice goodnesswhich. Their personal journey may feature new discovery to be applied to all humankind. Imagine the child who is born to parents who reliably pursue goodnesswhich! I was reared to consider faith in ideas no one should believe; but some do and die.[ccc]

Adolescents may be taught that the laws of physics are reliable and appreciative psychology protects a person from doubts, fears, and desires imposed by the unknown future. This attitude can aid humankind in humility to whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. By accepting and promoting this attitude, religious people could motivate their clergy to promote strength in humility. To say religion is not necessary would be like saying opera is not necessary.

The pall of European tradition

                The United States republic, after 234 years’ operation, remains embroiled in European politics, especially British-common-law attitudes. Unfortunately, it distracts youth from goodnesswhich to the glory of the controversial Church. A British timeline starting 1429 years ago follows:

1.       In 597, the Gregorain mission in the kingdom of Kent first baptized an Anglo-Saxon king, starting the transition from Celtic paganism

2.       In 1070, William the Conqueror, king of England, at the Council of Winchester negotiated selection of Norman bishops under papal service.

a.       Indigenous slavery transitioned to serfdom.

b.       Arab and Berber African-slave trade continued.

3.       In 1184, the Pope initiated heresy-suppressions called Inquisitions

4.       In 1215, in “Magna Carta” the king wrote a treaty granting lord barons some powers, the clergy some privileges, and a few protections to subjects (not citizens)

5.       In 1341, Parliament was split into House of Lords (nobility and clergy) and House of Commons (knights and burgesses)

6.       In 1350, clergy were added to Parliament in "Manner of Holding Parliament"

7.       In 1452 and 1455 the pope “authorized” Portugal to enslave non-Christian peoples in their land and transport African slaves for additional labor.

8.       In 1478, the Pope authorized Spanish kings to conduct Inquisitions

9.       In 1493 the pope “authorized” Spain to enslave non-Christian peoples in the Americas and transport African slaves for labor.

10.   In 1517, Wittenberg, Germany theologian and Priest Martin Luther objected to Roman Church practices, especially the sale of indulgences

11.   In 1534, Henry VII declared himself the head of the Church, ending papal power in England

12.   From 1600 to 1776, England freely led exponential purchase of African slaves from Arab traders for placement in English colonies.

a.       Intentions to end English assignment of slave oversight and care to colonists partially motivated the American revolutionary war.

                                                               i.      But other Europeans also placed slaves here.

                                                             ii.      And some colonists traded slaves.

b.       Freeing the slaves while waring with England was intractable if not impossible.

13.   In 1650, Puritan “witch trials” were extensions from, for example, 1581’s Catholic witch trials. Europeans influenced the Salem witch executions of 1692-3

14.   In 1688, the Glorious Revolution led to the 1689 Bill of Rights to subjects -- almost all people born in the British Empire.

15.   In the 1730s to 1740s, the First Great  Awakening marked Anglo-American evangelism

In 1791, the United States republic ratified its negotiated Constitution with separation of church from state. The republic ended African and indigenous slavery. But goodnesswhich has not, so far, eradicated English and European suppression of American independence.

Improving the United States republic

The civic faction in the United States republic may effect several civil and legislative changes, in order to pursue goodnesswhich. Some Constitutional amendments are required, and Congress can effect them.

1.       British originated “common good” can give way to United States “civic integrity”.

2.       The civic faction may consider and accept that the preamble defines the entity We the People of the United States.

a.       Collaborating to pursue the United States republic’s intentions “to ourselves and our Posterity” gives citizens stake in the nation.

b.       The faction “We the People” both trusts-in and commits to the preamble’s intentions and maintains the union of states.

c.       The civic faction, “We the People”, comprise citizens among subjects and fugitives who inhabit the country.

d.       Unfortunately, a subject can become an elected representative. Instead,

                                                               i.      Each person living here could declare and maintain trust-in and commitment-to citizenship, in order to obtain license to vote in city, state, and federal elections.

                                                             ii.      Parents and the community could prepare newborns for a citizenship declaration event and swearing-in, for example, during their 17^th year – swear allegiance to the republic and to its flag.

1.       This would empower native 17 year olds to earn civil status on par with naturalized citizens.

2.       As things are, people born here are not given the privilege of formerly claiming citizenship rather than mere servitude to the republic.

                                                           iii.      Subjects could neither run for city, state, or federal office nor qualify for freedom of the press.

                                                           iv.      Fugitives could more readily admit they would be better off in another country.

3.       The pledge of allegiance may be revised to address the republic and the flag that represents it. “I pledge allegiance to the United States republic and to the flag that represents it . . . “

a.       The motto may be changed to “We commit-to good behavior”

b.       Humility may be expressed by placing trust in either The God or goodnesswhich or “whatever rewards goodness”, or better, rather than “God”.

c.       National days of prayer may be restricted to appreciation rather than supplication.

                                                               i.      Genesis 1:26-27 instructs that we Homo sapiens are in charge of developing order from earth’s chaos.

                                                             ii.      It is unseemly to try to persuade “higher power” to usurp our duty.

4.       With political affiliation divided near 50:50, a criminal jury reaching unanimous verdicts is statistically suppressing and therefore unjust, by design. I suggest majority verdicts: 7:4 (11 members instead of 12), which doubly prevents a hung jury. And 5:4 mimics the Supreme Court.

a.       England’s 12-man jury originally mimicked 12 apostles of Yeshua of Judea, a religious basis. Civic integrity cannot promote religious mystery.

b.       In 1967, England changed from unanimous verdicts to 10:2 majority verdicts in criminal trials, in order to lessen organized crime's influence.

c.       In 2020, the US Supreme Court cited 14^th century English law to rule against majority verdicts in America.

                                                               i.      Imposition of obsolete-English unanimity un-constitutionally negates the 6^th Amendment.

                                                             ii.      In the 6^th Amendment, the states did not yield to Congress the determination of jury-impartiality.

1.       The 6^th Amendment does not allow the nation to impose unanimity on the states.

2.       Arguments for the 6^th Amendment specifically addressed British abuse of English colonists.

                                                           iii.      Ramos v Louisiana is a glaring and inflammable example of Anglo-American stare decisis ruining established justice in the United States republic.

5.       The Declaration of Independence authorized war against England, in order to change 13 English colonies into globally-independent states in the USA. The war was won in 1783 and the treaty recognizing 13 new global states, individually named; Congress ratified the treaty in 1784.

a.       The United States republic did not exist until after 9 states ratified the draft Constitution on June 21, 1788.

b.       Operations began with 11 states on March 4, 1789.

c.       In 1789, 94% of inhabitants were subjects of the male-property-owners’ vote.

d.       Today, 85% if US inhabitants are legally citizens, and those of age may vote.

                                                               i.      Inhabitants are subject to the rule of law and should not be licensed to vote if they do not trust-in and commit-to the Constitution’s preamble and no other nation’s intentions.

e.       Congress should legislate voter licensing predicated on aid to the preamble’s goals.

f.        Citizens should be required to renew their license if convicted of a misdemeanor or worse.

6.       Congress must not enact laws that defy the laws of physics.

a.       Governance that forces mothers to work defies economic viability.

b.       Sexual promiscuity defies fidelity “to ourselves and our posterity”.

c.       “Gender change” services prevent personal independence for life.

d.       Giving subjects and fugitives favor over citizens defies economic viability and thus physics.

7.       The religion clauses in the First Amendment may be revised to, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or [promoting] the free exercise thereof.”

8.       U.S. Amendment 14 may be changed so as to instill awareness-of and promote commitment-to the United States republic.

a.       “All persons born or [legally immigrating to] the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are [subjects] of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.”

b.       They may apply for citizenship after reaching the age 17 and upon demonstrating knowledge of the republic’s intentions -- expressing comprehension of the preamble to the Constitution, and pledging allegiance to the republic and to its flag.

                                                               i.      Subjects who which to continue civil subjugation to the republic may do so but cannot vote.

c.       Citizens who apply for citizenship in another nation forego US citizenship.

d.       A citizen who is convicted of murder loses their citizenship.

e.       Inhabitants engaging in evil invite execution.

9.       Congress created regulatory agencies which started their own systems of adjudication. Often, agencies abuse citizens. The civic faction may and can require Congress to abolish regulatory judges.

10.   The liberty-gift from France in New York Harbor may and can be renamed “The Statute of Responsibility” on “independence Island”, NY.

11.   The 10^th Amendment should be changed to “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the [citizens]."

a.       Neither subjects nor fugitives can be favored over citizens.

The 1774 colonists who established Congress had experienced RAP while settling a new continent. They wanted the opportunity to pursue goodnesswhich, so declared war against the then most powerful empire in the world. Thanks to France, Spain, Holland and others who wanted to limit England’s power in the USA, the colonies won the war, and in the 1983 Treaty of Paris were named 13 free and independent states on earth. Unable to function, they considered forming a nation. The framers met and negotiated the United States republic to serve engaged people in their states. The people authorized Congress to complete the negotiations. On December 15, 1791, 10 of 14 states ratified the 4-years’ negotiated United States Constitution. British loyalists never joined the United States republic and many of their ancestors remain subjects yet claim citizenship.

About 9 generations have left to the civic faction the opportunity to free the United States republic’s dependency on English common law. Widespread acceptance and practice of goodness-which-motivates-good-behavior could accelerate America to articulate the humility of its civic faction, small as that faction may be.

Conclusion

                During the transition from polytheism to competitive monotheisms, ancient Greek political philosophers expressed that democracy involved evolutionary, temporary populism in each generation and that a republican form of government was necessary. Their successful republic could be ruled by a higher power. The United States republic deemed the rule of statutory justice more reliable than either popular opinion or divine mystery. Therefore, they tentatively separated church from state. The republic proffered good behavior yet did not discover goodnesswhich. They attributed justice to “the people” rather than to the civic faction who observe the laws of physics.

                Every human being may and can discover and practice goodnesswhich. But not all will. Those who do may influence their family and friends to goodnesswhich. Together, family and friends who do may influence their nation to goodnesswhich. Preserving the opportunity to pursue good behavior requires nations to annihilate evil. But not every nation will. Those who do may and can change the world to the pursuit of goodness-which-motivates-good-behavior.

Epilogue

                They say aiding every complete woman there’s an authentic man. I want to think I filled that role to Cynthia Ann Marionneaux (d. May 17, 2025). I cannot imagine how it happened, even though I lived it. I enjoy my wife’s influence in our daughters.

                Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, by age 6, we lived in the shadow of The University of Tennessee -- in a community that was torn down during the late 1950s to make room to expand the UT campus. My elementary school, Staub, introduced me to Ralph Waldo Emerson, instilling a love for American literature. Math prepared me to earn A’s in college. A film clip that began with the greeting, “Whach’ya say, Flatfoot?” taught me to appreciate civil authority. I love to recall my classmates and now only one teacher, Nina House.

                In high school, I developed a civic sense and won election to senior-class secretary. Aptitude tests and salary surveys informed me to choose chemical engineering (ChE), upon entering UT. I vaguely felt that 40 years’ service would function to sustain my life with future personal family and otherwise had no plan. In my freshman year, I qualified for the Co-Operative Engineering Scholarship program and was assigned to work every other quarter at DuPont’s Nylon Research Center in Chattanooga, TN. That paid my college expenses.

                In senior seminar, I perceived this message:  Tennessee’s ChE Department is authorizing you to professionally practice in the world. Your obligation is to disallow anything you help design, build, and operate to blow up. I served one company for 35 years, and nothing I helped start-up can explode. Fortunately, that challenging principle pervaded my curiosity, and I spend a lot of energy trying to discover and practice goodnesswhich.

                About 4 years into my career, I felt I was destined to be a bachelor and started reading the list of 100 great books suggested in UT’s senior seminar. Then I met Cynthia and she changed everything in my life. I had met my half but didn’t yet know it. I regret I was not the authentic man she deserved.

I did not realize it until age 78, but Yeshua of Judea’s influence to good behavior appealed to me throughout life. I dated women in different cities but did not marry until I met Cynthia, a Louisiana-French Catholic school teacher. I attended various churches over a 75-year stretch and am happily unchurched. Yet I cannot take the leap to “atheism”; I think I am too humble for either theism or atheism, but don’t know the ineluctable truth. Other people’s religious choice or none impacts me on par with their favorite opera or none, as long as they do not harm other people’s opportunity to choose goodnesswhich or equivalent.

For about 60 years, I have studied two questions. First, what does it mean to be a Homo sapiens? Second, what does it mean to be born in the United States republic? As an octogenarian, I think the first answer is in the precise, accurate, and deep meaning of Genesis 1:26-27: you may and can independently constrain chaos in your way of living. And the second is in the interpretation of the preamble to the United States constitution that excites individuals and groups to civic goodnesswhich rather than subjugation to statutory justice.

The world will improve when there is an alliance of nations who pursue goodness-which-motivates-good-behavior. I want to help.

 

 

 

 

 

 

               

Appendix A: Glossary

Some people misuse words, often due to ignorance. Some intend to repress and control others, dividing Homo sapiens. In writing this study I encountered controversial words and used replacements that facilitate collaboration to goodnesswhich. I label entries with the preferred word or phrase then explain how similar ideas may be used to mislead.

Words I’d like to see retired are in red letters. By “retired” I do not mean censored; I mean de-selected in modern context. For example, “objective truth” is subjective so yields to “ineluctable truth”. Perhaps scholars avoid “ineluctable”, in order to preserve subjective objectivity. Some competitive words cannot be censored, because they have other uses, so education is the preferred remedy.

My opinion evolves as I reconsider. I appreciate being alive and sometimes feel approach to the ineluctable truth.

Civic faction, civic integrity, civic citizens

By “civic” I mean people who accept RAP-citizenship in the world and preserve each other’s opportunity to pursue happiness without harming others. Not every citizen is civil and some civil citizens are not civic. “Civil” addresses conformity to rules/legislation. Civil citizens observe the law even when it is unjust yet may choose not to remedy injustice. Civic citizens appreciate and mutually defend each other’s opportunity 1) to discover and practice goodnesswhich and 2) to collaborate to amend legislation when injustice is discovered and duly debated.

The civic citizen judges behaviors but not persons. They do so to preserve privacy as much as possible. Civic infants do not articulate happiness as goodnesswhich yet in development discover RAP-citizenship. Therefore, they regard fellow citizens as equals on unique journeys with potential for civic integrity to pursue adult perfection. Not everyone participates. But everyone is subject to the rule of law and may conform. Even the evil person could reform until the moment their behavior demands their execution.

The sustaining civic faction, successive generations who preserve goodnesswhich, impacts others subject to the law --- influences passives to engage, resists rebels and dissidents, aids constraint to criminals, discourages vice, and supports eradication of evil. They do not attempt to defy the laws of physics, such as fly without sufficient aid -- either aerodynamics or jet propulsion.

Success establishes and maintains civic integrity. Civic integrity obsoletes common good an Anglo-American cliché’. Fidelity, solidarity, like-mindedness, and civility yield-to civic integrity. Atheism and agnosticism are meaningless without theism, and secular is weak to civic integrity. Higher power pits The God against government and government against the civic faction. It attempts to repress civic integrity.

                In the United States republic, ratified on December 15, 1791, the civic faction is “We the People of the United States”, as defined by the preamble to the intended Constitution, which 9 states negotiated in 1788 for Congress to amend (in 1791). It states:

We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence (Sic), promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

The sentence contains two thoughts: intentions then establishment. The civic faction’s intentions accommodate the primitive Genesis-1 suggestion to Homo sapiens: mutually provide order from earth’s chaos. Every inhabitant may consider the preamble, interpret it, and live according to their personal view as either citizen or subject. Without independent thought, civic citizens and civil subjects cannot mutually improve and annihilate evil.

The framers proffered intentions to goodnesswhich: the civic faction in each generation conducts the journey. My current interpretation of the intentions is:

The civic faction in the United-States-republic continually improves 6 public practices: integrity, justice, safety, strength, prosperity, and responsibility --- “in order to” motivate good behavior “to ourselves and our Posterity”.

I propose a constitutional amendment to require citizens to establish and maintain their personal interpretation of the preamble, as a condition for voting in elections and referenda:  I propose voter-licensing.

                Lastly no version of “the Golden Rule” is sufficient to civic integrity: preserving the other party’s opportunity to choose goodnesswhich admits to opportunity to improve personal opinion: humility.

                There are times when civic integrity requires action. For example, if someone is killing you, fight back. If professing a religion threatens death to your role as spouse and parent, retreat to privacy or change religions: maintain your opportunity to serve your family and their descendants. Preservation of family accommodates if not asserts the principle that religion is expendable.

Goodnesswhich, a new word

The civic faction within Homo sapiens collaborates to discover and practice goodness-which-motivates-good-behavior to ourselves and our posterity. In other words, good practice motivates good behavior from generation to generation of Homo sapiens. In the United States republic, “Posterity” includes legal immigrants, while to Homo sapiens “posterity” expresses newborns and their descendants.

In continuity, we relate to our ancestors and honor them by practicing good behavior they had not discovered as well as being aware of and practicing their goodnesswhich. For example, some 2400 years later, Plato, through the writing he left, aids modern generations.

People who pursue hope and comfort through religion may also pursue goodnesswhich. However, religious institutions are unlikely to humble their doctrine unless urged by believers. Religions attempt to wait eternity to conform-to whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. However, the ineluctable truth makes itself plain to Homo sapiens.

Just as it is unnecessary to eliminate the arts, sports, and other human interests, it is not essential to end religion. However, if people choose other interests, I perceive no harm in adopting humility to The God, in order to accept and practice RAP and goodnesswhich or better.

Homo sapiens

                Prior mutations of humankind are extinct beyond Homo sapiens genes. Only Homo sapiens has the chance to accept the Genesis 1:26 directive: establish and maintain living goodnesswhich in this world. Progress, so far, is incidental, because the civic faction has not accepted the PAR.

                Homo sapiens is only 300,000 years old; maybe the next mutation will effect goodnesswhich.

Humility

                Among Homo sapiens’ talents, humor is exceeded by humility. Humor accommodates self-examination. Humility protects the individual from hubris, self-righteousness, and toleration, each of which represses curiosity to goodnesswhich. Humility protects a culture from supposing its view of goodnesswhich justifies suppressing other civic ethnicities.

                Humility protects religion from slighting The God, or whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. But religion seems to reject humility.

                Humility protects a nation from arbitrary aggression rather than defense. Humility empowers individual nations to collaborate with the civic faction of Homo sapiens. Humility’s greatest power is that it cannot accommodate harm to or from any Homo sapiens. This political philosophy is informed by the laws of physics.

Ineluctable truth

                Classic writers accept “truth” as an attainable absolute rather than a goal. The adjective “ineluctable” adds authenticity to the research needed to discover the truth.

In American usage, ineluctable means: together, not to be changed, or avoided, or resisted. The European usage reserves the “right” to change the subject. Recall the civilly bemusing, lawyerly response, “It depends upon what the meaning of the word ‘is’ is.” I suspect the Europeans want to impose sovereign truth. But the ineluctable truth does not yield.

                Only ineluctable evidence can be used to approach the truth: reason is insufficient. Speculation is mere bemusement. Promoting speculation invites personal ruin. Yet new instruments of measurement can change assessment of ineluctable evidence. For example, a better telescope increases appreciation of the unknowns.

                The ineluctable truth constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. People may hope in their God, be humble to The God, yet pursue whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. If there is conflict, The God must yield.

                To Greco-Romans, “ineluctable” referred to a wrestling hold from which the contestant could not escape. Google ngram-viewer helps discovery. In Google books so far, “inescapable” is more used than “ineluctable”. There was a debate in the 16^th century, with “ineluctable” reaching a higher peak only in 1570. “Ineluctable truth” moved off zero usage in 1906 and is slowly growing. The fact that “ineluctable” is not a public word indicts educators, judges, lawyers, the clergy, and politicians, at least.

                Objective truth, like common good, is competitive among traditionalists, progressives, and independents.

                Since ineluctable truth must be rationally evaluated, truth remains the absolute. Yet neither “truth” nor “the truth” is sufficient if the thinker is unaware of “ineluctable” or willing to compromise the 3 qualifiers: not to be avoided, or changed, or resisted.

Integrity

                Honesty yields to integrity. The spouse who admits infidelity on their death bed honestly expresses failed integrity. A person may-and-can honestly believe that a god is The God, without humbling to The God’s awareness. Professing a faith never considered can’t claim honesty, let alone integrity. I think integrity admits mystery, in order to fearlessly address the laws of physics.

                There are 4 requirements of integrity:

1)      Do the work to understand that a heartfelt perception is not a mirage.

2)      Without emotion, act according to understanding.

3)      Fearlessly share understanding with fellow inhabitants.

4)      Remain humble to new input, viewpoint, or research-instruments.

 

Civic Homo sapiens often discovers the ineluctable truth through honest error. Integrity is restored if the error is not repeated.[ddd]

                Obedience assumes instruction from a higher power. But the civic faction accepts RAP to order life on earth. Therefore, they do not attempt to assign to utopia what is required on earth. The civic faction is too humble to whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice to entrust life to mystery yet they remain humble to the unknowns. Obedience to mystery seems arrogant against RAP. Similarly, surrender and submission seem arrogant against RAP. Surrender to personal belief is circular psychology.

                Private forgiveness fails the integrity of informing the accused they are blamed and convicted without notice.

Justice

                The first principle of civil order is statutory justice – adjudication grounded in written law. Justice, when attained, affirms appreciation of ordered continuity in life. Opportunity to choose good behavior follows.

                Justice involves neither vengeance nor revenge yet may entail loss-recovery to the victim. Statutory justice yields not to the ethics of personal, societal, or cultural values. Statutory justice humbly discovers whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. Judges un-lawfully attempt to amend legislation when they opine that extra mercy is needed. Conscience is a religious attempt to bemuse civic integrity.

                In the United States republic, justice conforms to the rule of law rather than to public opinion. The preamble’s phrase “to ourselves and our Posterity” connects the civic faction in the accountable generations: past, present, and future. Thereby, approaching justice is a national journey. Again, the civic faction is defined by the preamble’s intentions-sentence.

                Justice demands strength. The individual may and can take the time to maintain both physical and psychological wellness. They may establish, maintain, and defend their home as well as their person. Defense against private attack requires owning guns and the ability to use them. A city protects the public with well-equipped and trained police. A nation protects inhabitants and visitors, both domestic and foreign, by maintaining superior military and war departments. A religious institution protects believers from false doctrine. Foremost is psychological fortitude; a civic citizen cannot be dissuaded with opinionated surrogates, like “fairness” to repress “justice”. Statutory justice yields not to matters of opinion, like conscience or mercy or reason or empathy.

Opportunity

                Too often, people extol freedom and liberty as rights, bemusing responsibility. Physics prevents freedom and liberty. For example, lightning can strike. It is ludicrous for government to claim to provide what physics does not allow. Members of the civic faction are mutually responsible to defend personal opportunity

                The best an individual Homo sapiens can hope for is opportunity to pursue their image of perfect behavior.

                Living in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, home of LSU, I often encounter students and recall my formative years, privately pursuing the life I yearned to want. I hope each person has opportunity to discover and practice their perfect good behavior rather than seek the approval of fellow inhabitants whose unique opportunities they mutually defend.

Perfection

Life is so chaotic that Homo sapiens may err, either by choice or under duress. However, they may develop the awareness and intentions to never repeat a mistake, and in maturity, pursue perfect behavior. Beginning my ninth decade, I pursue perfection and think if I approached it, I’d know the work is over.

Physics, or whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice, perhaps The God

Being Homo-sapiens involves choices and may be guided by experiencing or observing typical consequences, past or present. For example, the person who does not earn and provide their food has to settle for whatever someone, perhaps a bureaucrat, offers them.

The laws of physics take the places of natural law and reason -- ideas from the past. If the ineluctable evidence is not understood, action should be delayed until new instruments of comprehension have been discovered/invented, except when deadly attack is underway. Physics constrains psychology yet does not impose purpose: a person may erroneously choose bad behavior.

Long ago, before intentional discovery, “gudą” appeared in a Germanic language then became English God. Typically, God is used to express whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. Expression is only an attempt to address mystery; English itself may be insufficient to imagine the actual-reality.

“God” is widely accepted, and people often dialogue using that word, mutually unaware that each party arrogates The God to conform to what each believer believes – their God/god. Thus, a Jew and a Messianic Christian can happily discuss God, neither realizing that one awaits the Messiah to Israel and the other thinks Yeshua was the sacrificial lamb to every believer, including pagans. Often, debaters argue a god versus God, unaware that neither party is humble to The God, which may be whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. 

The God dilemma suggests that religion is not an asset to Homo sapiens on earth. The contest between statutory justice and doctrine is driven by religion.

                I trust-in and commit-to physics or whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice. I reserve humility, cannot deny my thoughts, and may be mistaken.

Rationalization

                When someone perceives urge to act without confirming necessity, they often rationalize justification. Good behavior demands confirmation of necessity based on ineluctable evidence. Without immediate demand for action, good behavior awaits invention of new instruments or methods of research. For example, observations by Galileo (died 364 years ago) proved that Aristarchus (died 2256 years ago) had the correct model: the earth rotates around the sun annually and on its axis daily.

Rather than the sun rising each morning, the earth’s rotation un-hides the sun from earth’s globe. Adults may and can aid children to perceive what-is rather than preserve mystery: perpetuating “The sun will come up tomorrow” keeps children from discovering the wonders like: the spot that they stand on is rotating at 1000 miles per hour and gravity is keeping them on firm ground. The travesty of affirming false perception entraps a few in childhood beliefs-in, for example, the community’s god, church supremacy, Santa Claus, or a flat earth. With understanding, a day at the beach prompts wonder at how fast the earth’s rotation on its axis connects the un-hiding-at-dawn to the re-hiding-at-dusk then day-break on the other side of the globe. How rich is the life of the child who appreciates the laws of physics from infancy on!

                Careless usage, during “the enlightenment” arrogated rationalization as reason, and the consequence is that some people think reason can trump the laws of physics. Some people died trying to prove Homo sapiens could fly before inventions of aerodynamics such as gliding, ballooning, propelling, jetting, or rocketing. Today, ruining lives is routine for the gender-change-industrial-complex.

                The age of reason is obsolete and critical thinking is no substitute for discovery. Understanding actual-reality requires research, which science cannot defeat. Promoting intentional statistics as social science is egregious.

                Sacrificing life for soul --- opportunity-for-personal-achievement for hope-in-favorable-afterdeath to --- is no bargain.[eee] I prefer to trust that the origins of my ovum and spermatozoa, about which I had no input, will celebrate my achievements once I return.[fff]

Religion

                The US Supreme Court declines to define “religion”, unjustly empowering itself over the minds of civic citizens.

                Religion is a practice: assume a heartfelt concern is valid, develop a plausible theory, adopt the theory as doctrine, and resist research that discovers the concern is a mirage. For example, possession of a soul or spirit is an assumption. No one has ever confirmed soul-existence, either during-life or in-the-afterdeath. An alternative is to perfect the person before body and mind stop functioning. Achievement during life is worthy reward, while favor in afterdeath is doubtful hope.

                Neither spirit, nor spiritualism, nor soul promotes goodnesswhich. The phrase “people of faith” is misused to promote religion. Religious faith may bemuse people from resisting evil. Recall local enthusiasm for Hitler’s evil. Religious freedom often opposes civic integrity.

                Primitive political philosophers envisioned Homo sapiens responsible to provide order on earth, but competitive religion distracted cultures and nations. Going forward, it would be better to apply areligious and asoul (new words) rather than secular RAP.

Republic

                In Merriam-Webster usage, a republic is “a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a king or queen” or “a form of government in which the power belongs to a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by the leaders and representatives elected by those citizens to govern according to law” as opposed to democracy, “a form of government in which the people elect representatives to make decisions, policies, laws, etc. according to law”.

                These usages don’t reflect the unique United States republic. Only Americans who comprehend and commit-to the intentions stated in the preamble to the Constitution aid the rule of statutory law as “We the People of the United States” and are citizens. Other inhabitants are subjects only – subjects to the rule of law. And evil people risk annihilation. The Gettysburg phrase, of, by, and for the people is a hope to the civic faction.

                People attempt to impose politics (power) on the civic faction by misrepresenting the United States republic as “republican democracy”, “democratic republic”, “our democracy”, "representative democracy", and "constitutional republic". States can be democracies, but the nation is a republic.

Many members of Congress professes to serve “the people”, while ignoring “ourselves and our Posterity” (quoting the preamble). As a consequence in 2026, each newborn faces a 4-millionth of $40 trillion in growing debt, or $1 million per person. Subjects can realize that if they don’t accept RAP to uphold the Constitution, the civic faction, We the People of the United States, cannot maintain the republic.

                So far, the civic faction has maintained the republic despite nearly 7 decades’ attack by variations of Marxist-liberation-theology. It attempts to reverse 19 centuries’ Judeo-Christian-competition by using passion to enslave empathetic people. Goodnesswhich offers remedy to this dilemma. But if the United States is reluctant, perhaps another nation or alliance will discover and practice goodnesswhich.

Research

When an unknown is perceived, Homo sapiens conduct research, in order to 1) affirm that the perception represents actual-reality and 2) discover evidences that could empower confirmation. If so, a research program is considered and if financially viable, conducted. In many cases, further research discovers how to best utilize the discovery. For example, nuclear fission is best used for energy rather than for war. Often, the research enables unexpected discovery and/or invention.

Science is an unnecessary artifact of competitive reason, which often prevents research. Statistics is a research tool that can be designed to affirm falsehoods. Scientific methods often pursue agenda rather than conduct research. Social sciences use statistics to pursue political agenda.

Research requires strict consideration of the evidence. Impatience with research may motivate rationalization, usually with disastrous consequences. Speculation and rationalization take a noble air when labeled reason. Reason often negates consideration. Civic citizens do not allow reason to oppose the laws of physics. For example, they neither delude themselves into leaping from heights nor don silly costumes to artistically ridicule opposing discovery. The tools of research have been used to bemuse tax payers. For example, people who want to promote green energy exclude sun spots in modelling global warming. Opponents of gun ownership exclude hunters and home-protectors from their social-science surveys among democrats, republicans, and independents.

Rationalization erroneously elevates imagination to belief. Belief is harmful when it terminates curiosity. Certainty lessens if not terminates curiosity.  Science is a prolifically overused word, on par with God.

Responsibility

                The civic citizen accepts/takes responsibility to maintain and defend fellow inhabitants’ opportunities to choose goodnesswhich. They may weigh their religious beliefs yet observe the laws of physics in taking action. I know of no greater appreciation than to forego religious doctrine in order to save a person’s opportunity to live.

                Humility to life takes precedence to pride in religious doctrine. Thus, humility takes precedence over surrender, obedience or submission. Humility is civic integrity that liberates the Homo sapiens. Humility is a responsibility to self; humility to self is a responsibility suggested in Genesis 1:26.

                Liberty and freedom are authorized by higher power, and therefore, do not represent responsibility. Civil rights yield to civic responsibility. The Homo sapiens who accepts responsibility is humbly independent. The pride of liberty and freedom yields to humble responsibility. Responsible behavior is liberating.

Responsibility, power, and authority, RAP

                Physics informs Homo sapiens that their civic faction has the RAP to pursue goodnesswhich on earth and its extensions. It seems they may-and-can practice RAP yet have not made much progress. Most nations attempt to force the-physics-that-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice, in order to usurp personal RAP.

                I think this political philosophy, goodnesswhich, was reported by Sumer civilization in their performance and in their law codes. The oldest discovered code is 4100 years old.

                The culture who thinks end-times-wars will facilitate their personal transition to utopia imagines reversing physics. The civic faction solely has the RAP to prevent such wars. Physics accommodates the pursuit of peace and resists arrogance to war. Religious faith vainly attempts to coerce higher power to usurp RAP.

Rationalization

                When someone perceives urge to act without confirmation of necessity, they often rationalize justification. Good behavior demands confirmation of necessity based on ineluctable evidence. Without immediate demand for action, good behavior awaits invention of new instruments or methods of research. For example, observations by Galileo (died 364 years ago) proved that Aristarchus (died 2256 years ago) had the correct model: the earth rotates around the sun annually and on its axis daily.

Rather than the sun rising each morning, the earth’s rotation un-hides the sun from earth’s globe. Adults may and can aid children to perceive what-is rather than mystery: perpetuating “The sun will come up tomorrow” keeps children from discovering the wonders like-that the spot that they stand on is rotating at 1000 miles per hour and gravity is keeping them on firm ground. The travesty of affirming false perception entraps a few in childhood beliefs-in, for example, the community’s god, church supremacy, Santa Claus, and a flat earth. With understanding, a day at the beach prompts wonder at how fast the earth’s rotation on its axis connects the un-hiding-at-dawn to the re-hiding-at-dusk then day-break on the other side of the globe. How rich is the life of the child who appreciates the laws of physics from infancy on!

                Careless usage, during “the enlightenment” arrogated rationalization as reason, and the consequence is that some people think reason can trump the laws of physics. Some people died trying to prove Homo sapiens could fly before inventions of aerodynamics such as gliding, ballooning, propelling, jetting, or rocketing. Today, ruining lives is routine for the gender-change-industrial-complex.

                The age of reason is obsolete and critical thinking is no substitute for discovery. Understanding actual-reality requires research, which science cannot defeat. Promoting intentional statistics as social science is egregious.

Scripture

                As a record of goodness and badness among humankind, “scripture” includes expressed beliefs from all quarters. I wish to interest Homo sapiens in goodnesswhich more than beliefs. But I only have experience with a faction of the evidence which descended from Mesopotamian history -- mostly within competitive Christianity, a consequence of Judeo-Christianity.

While relative in time, the Christian phrase “Old Testament” is cited to promote “New Testament” (NT). Together OT and NT suppress prior literature, such as the 4400 year-old Pyramid Texts, the Epic of Gilgamesh from 4100 years ago in Sumer, and interim literature. Cyrus the Great links the Hebrew canon[ggg] with Zoroastrianism. Tribal scripture makes The God a mystery yet records evidence of goodnesswhich.

Christian canon cannot be separated from the ancient Hebrew Bible, because Pauline epistles attempt to project the life of Yeshua, son of Yosef and Miryam of 4 BC Judea onto the Judean Messiah prophesied to unite the 12 tribes of Israel. The Jews who thought Yeshua the Jewish Messiah influenced modern “Messianic Jews”, who are Christians. The Christian versus Jew debate over Messiah may-and-can be relieved by collaborating to understand the ancient person, Yeshua of 4 BC Judea. Yeshua urged good behavior, perhaps influenced by Sumerian political philosophy.

The Roman Empire promoted Pauline Christianity until the empire collapsed in the West in 476 CE and in the East in 1453. Sha’ul learned opinions of Kefa, Ya‘akov, and Yochanan at the Council of Jerusalem, in 49 CE, then acted independently to promote his churches rather than Yeshua’s influence. I speculate that up to 10 interpretations of “Messiah” were represented at the Council of Jerusalem.

The Hebrew Bible describes God of monotheism using 63 names when many contemporaries believed in polytheism. For example, ancient Arabs were polytheists then competed with emerging monotheists. Zoroastrianism has one God pitted against evil.

                The Hebrew Bible prophecies a Messiah to unite the 12 tribes of Israel and grant them peace. Pauline Christianity asserts that the Judean advocate for goodnesswhich, Yeshua, son of Yosef and Miriam, was savior to all who believe in Yeshua, including Messianic Jews. In Pauline church, Yeshua is God incarnate. Advocates project Yeshua’s life onto Hebrew prophesies, producing the oxymoron, “Judeo-Christian”. Some Christian sects are non-Trinitarian.

Arab descendants of Hagar considered Yeshua or Isa (b. 4 BC) the Messiah to Allah, the God. All of Yeshua’s teachings were affirmed by revelation by Allah through Gabriel to Muhammad, beginning in 612 CE. Islam has Muhammad a direct descendant of Ishmael, a Mesopotamian from 3700 years ago, through either Nebajoth or Kedar.

Subjects

In the United States republic there are both citizens and, by default, subjects. Inhabitants of this land include the following:

1.       Visitors who either observe the law or suffer adjudication they cause.

2.       Natives who disregard civic integrity.

3.       Civic citizens of three classes

a.       Naturalized immigrants

b.       Natives who articulate statutory justice and aid its development.

c.       Natives who, by inheritance, practice and aid statutory justice.

The citizens collaborate as We the People of the United States republic, whose intentions are stated in the preamble to the framers’ 1787 draft-Constitution, which was ratified by 9 states on June 21, 1788, with provisions for Congress to negotiate a Bill of Rights. The negotiated Constitution was ratified on December 15, 1791. Since then, Congress has approved 17 additional amendments for a total of 27.

The civic faction comprehends and pursues the intentions stated in the preamble and aids pursuit of statutory justice according to the Constitution. The United States code of law pursues conformity to the Constitution. It seems the civic faction is barely in the majority.

Inhabitants who do not aid the rule of law are subjects.

Intolerance

While intolerance is a useful idea, I do not tolerate tolerance. When I perceive someone is tolerating my speech, I change the topic to the weather, LSU sports, or other trivia.

For example, when a priest told me I would have to accept transubstantiation, in order to participate with my Catholic wife, I thanked him for the consultation then limited future conversation to baseball, an interest we shared.

Through this practice, I perceive that civility misreads humility as doubt. Since they are certain of their faith, the do not tolerate humility. When I express curiosity about accepted doctrine or express humility rather than certainty, they label me heretic, even though I do not claim the doctrine.

I perceive they are entitled to intolerance and relish being an unchurched student of Yeshua’s influence to good behavior.

United States republic

                The United States republic is unique. Not only does it serve the civic faction in their cities and states, it guarantees to the states prevention of national democracy, through the rule of Constitutional law. It has a bicameral legislature, independent president, and nominated and confirmed Supreme Court. Supreme Justices serve for life on good standing. Two senators are elected by the potentially civic faction, voters, in each state. Senators serve for six years. States are divided into per capita districts, with 435 districts in the nation, and the voters elect representatives for 2 year terms. Presidential elections are determined by the Electoral College, whose numbers match the sum of senators (100) plus representatives (435) plus 3 from Washington, D.C. A majority of at least 270 electors determines the president for a 4 year term. Two interfaces -- 1) the nation to the civic faction in their states and 2) the civic faction to their state preserve -- the United States republic. In 2026, subjects and aliens threaten citizens with internal dismantling of the rule of statutory law.

Unknowns

                Many actually-real unknowns cannot be described and are unlikely to be imagined. When someone imagines an unknown, they try to promote it as a mystery. Better-developed mystery survives in some quarters; some are cults. Among like-minded people, the mystery is maintained through faith, which is hope and comfort rather than trust-in and commitment-to. Well-developed mystery is doctrine; dogma.

Doctrine divides. However, there are always some Homo sapiens who prefer to research unknowns rather than adopt mystery. Some Homo sapiens place hope and comfort in goodnesswhich, in order to trust-in and commit-to the ineluctable evidence as a path to truth.

                Faith often produces harm. For example, primitives observed that the sun can kill a person who invites overexposure. Some speculated that the sun is a spirit/deity that needs human bodies/blood. People imagined benefits if they bargained with the sun. Some tribes chose people to kill, in order to offer what they imagined the sun demanded: sacrifice. Today, we know that the sun is a natural nuclear reactor. Almost no one worships a sun god. However, the god concept very much survives under many divisive doctrine. Soul doctrine is prolific. Scholars estimate there are 4,000 to 10,000 gods and Gods. The harm to Homo sapiens and the earth is staggering!

Discovery should lessen doctrine, and indeed human blood-sacrifice is almost extinct. Yet many doctrine for bargaining with deities survive.

Appendix B: Ideas from American Literature

                Tennessee freshmen knew that the English Department did all it could to fail-out 3 of 4 students, so as to maintain UT’s economic viability. Therefore, I took English seriously. I passed English Lit. But American Lit fascinated me. My professor marked my exam A+ and wrote, “Mr. Beaver, this is the best final exam I ever read.” Shockingly to me, I went on to score 30 in “Verbal” on the 1966 GRE; 70% of takers knew English better than me.

                In trying to understand what it means to be born in the United States republic, I learned to lessen time with professors’ books in order to focus on the national documents. I think the Declaration of Independence (1776) justifies war against England but bemuses the intention to civic integrity negotiators expressed in the Constitution (1791).

                My thirst to read American literature rages with awareness of my ignorance. Limited as my reading is, here are a few gems, by categories, in my opinion. [I have not started a review of my files.]

Independence

1.       Samuel Adams, “The Rights of the Colonists”, Nov. 20, 1772. Adams quoted John Locke’s “life, liberty, and property”. Thomas Jefferson’s “Committee of Five” changed “property” to “pursuit of happiness”, in order to separate the material from the divine, state from church, for the Declaration of Independence, 1774.

Politics

2.       Abraham Lincoln, “First Inaugural Address” (1861). Aware of the 7 states:27 states disadvantage, Lincoln taunted rather than cautioned the seceding states, inviting his own future sorrow and ours. In 2026, a few states think they can be “sanctuaries” against the republic.

Slavery

3.       Thomas Paine, “African Slavery in America” (1775).

4.       Frederick Douglass, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” (1852), with the President in the audience. Religious conventions, Baptist and Methodists had split in 1845. Soon, there was guerilla warfare in bloody Kansas. The CSA seceded in February, 1861. Lincoln’s First inaugural address was politically astute but void of civic integrity, taunting the South’s military weakness.

5.       Mark Twain, “Huckleberry Finn” (1885). Huck chose “hell” rather than report runaway slave Jim.

Whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice

1.       Ralph Waldo Emerson, Divinity School Address (1838). Emerson expressed to Harvard Divinity School that “Jesus” was a political philosopher who taught that humans should and could perfect themselves. I think a more impactful approach is to cite Yeshua of Judea and give an example of his influence to good behavior, such as the process to resolve human conflict abstractly presented in Matthew 18:15-17 plus the message that utopia does not correct humankind (Matthew 18:18). Letting personal pursuit of divinity impose divinity on Yeshua invites ruin.

2.       Flannery O’Connor, Mystery and Manners (1969). O’Connor urged passionate pursuit of objective truth, unfortunately substituting “violent” for “passionate”. But the ineluctable truth does not respond to emotions.

3.       Albert Einstein, “The Laws of Science and The Laws of Ethics”, from Out of My Later Years (1950).

a.       Einstein, like Yeshua, is not celebrated as a political philosopher yet promoted goodnesswhich.

b.       I want to purge emotionalism from my speech, especially with fellow people.

4.       William Faulkner, “Barn Burning” (1939). A taste of justice motivated a boy to leave his family.

5.       Robert Frost, “The Road Not Taken”, 1915. It is not too late for Homo sapiens to choose non-religion as a means of pursuing the ineluctable truth or whatever-constrains-the-consequences-of-choice.

Appendix C: Ideas from World Literature

1.       Anton Checkhov, “Rothschild’s Fiddle” (1894). In the unfortunate event that your child dies, don’t neglect your spouse (and other children).

2.       Leo Tolstoy, “The Death of Ivan Ilyich” (1886). A person received relief when he stopped thinking solely of himself.

3.       Euripides, “Iphigenia At Aulis” {410 B.C.E). Miraculous salvation from execution.

Appendix D: Bad ideas from the literature

1.       John Rawls, Justice as Fairness (). Like other ambitious thinkers, Rawls overlooks that the laws of physics do not respond to opinion, or emotion, or passion.

 

Copyright©2026 by Phillip R. Beaver. All rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted for the publication of all or portions of this paper as long as this complete copyright notice is included. Updated to publish on May 12, 2026; F5 to improve clarity on May 16; F6 on May 19 to change title; F7 May 20 to add “vision” then to change the title; F8 May 25 to relate to Iran’s 60% Persian population; F9 June 1 to simplify title and update.

 

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[a] Humankind is bemused by words commonly used but uncommonly meant. When I think it is always so, I red letter that word, to caution the reader.

[b] I use “may-and-can” to express possibility and potential to choose behavior. For example, facing a loaded and cocked gun, the unarmed person may-and-can choose to ask how to aid the armed, intentional intruder.

[c] Each time I introduce a key word/phrase, I mark it with an asterisk and invite the reader to find the word/phrase in the alphabetically arranged glossary, Appendix A; to learn that thought’s significance in this study’s message.

[d] The word “dictionary” often has unwarranted authority, because it presents colloquialism rather than universal meaning. For example, the British reserve the opportunity to change constraint of “ineluctable”.

[e] After Yeshua was executed in 33 CE, Sha’ul’s 50 CE letters made Yeshua seem divine and thereby robbed the world of Yeshua’s message to persons and societies:  Perfect good behavior. Matthew 5:48.

[f] For the customary Judeo-Christian Bible, I prefer biblegateway.com/versions/orthodox-jewish-bible-ojb/ for the Hebrew canon and biblegateway.com/versions/Complete-Jewish-Bible-CJB/ for what I call Pauline canon. CJB represents the micro-minority of Yeshua’s Jewish contemporaries who thought he was the prophesied Messiah. However other Homo sapiens scripture is touched, for example, Sumerian law codes and Zoroastrianism.

[g] Genesis 1:3 OJB, “And Elohim said, Let there be light.”.

[h] Genesis 1:24, “And G-d said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature . . . “

[i] Sha’ul of Tarsus, a Jewish entrepreneur projected Yeshua onto prophesies in the Hebrew canon, constructing incarnation for blood sacrifice to redeem believers. Apostolic debate and Sha’ul’s epistles, originally in Greek, are parochially canonized. The collection is promoted as “the New Testament” as though chronology trumps verity.

[j] Christianity replaced “Sha’ul”, not to be confused with the first king of Israel, with “Paul”. I preserve the original person yet adopt “Pauline” to express dialectical impacts on Judeo-Christianity and thereby on Homo sapiens.

[k] Quran 2:193, ". . . the religion is for Allah."

[l] Genesis 1:26; female and male humankind, regardless of race, is in charge on earth

[m] Psalm 82:6-7; female and male human beings are goddesses/gods yet face death

[n] Matthew 5:48; female and male humankind may-and-can pursue perfection

[o] Utopia, such as Confucius’ “Great Unity” is not suggested.

[p] Matthew 18:18; female and male humankind has no higher power to correct mistakes

[q] I use “may-and-can” to express independence and opportunity, e.g., it is possible to pursue error-free living.

[r] The Eastern and Asian doctrine and canon are independent of Rome and Europe.

[s] John 18:31, “The Judeans replied, ‘We don’t have the legal power to put anyone to death.’”.

[t] John 18:37, “The reason I have been born . . . is to bear witness to the truth.”

[u] Acts 15:1-5, about the pagans, some Messianic Jews said, “It is necessary to circumcise them and direct them to observe the Torah of Moshe.”

[v] Luke 2:21 projecting Yeshua onto Genesis 17:10, “On the eighth day, when it was time for his b’rit-milah, he was given the name Yeshua.”

[w] Galatians 2:9, “So, having perceived what grace had been given to me, Ya‘akov, Kefa and Yochanan, the acknowledged pillars of the community, extended to me and Bar-Nabba the right hand of fellowship; so that we might go to the Gentiles, and they to the Circumcised.” That is, orthodox Jews would be persuaded to believe Pauline theology, or Yeshua the sacrificial blood.

[x] Acts 15:29, “Abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from fornication.”

[y] James 1:4, “Let perseverance do its complete work; so that you may be complete and whole, lacking in nothing.”

[z] Philippians 2:5-8, “Yeshua . . . in the form of God . . . appeared as a human being . . .  humbled himself [to] death on a stake as a criminal!”

[aa] 1 Corinthians 11:7-9, “For a man . . . is the image and glory of God, and the woman is the glory of man.”

[bb] 1 Timothy 4:4-10, “We have our hope set on a living God who is the deliverer of all humanity, especially of those who trust.”

[cc] Hebrews 9:17, “Since a will goes into effect only upon death; it never has force while its maker is still alive.”

[dd] James 1:1-8, “From: Ya‘akov, a slave of God and of the Lord Yeshua the Messiah . . . “

[ee] Matthew 19:4-5, reflecting Genesis 1:26-27, “. . . a man should leave his father and mother and be united with his wife . . . to become one flesh.”

[ff] Matthew 18:15-17 starts with privately informing someone you think they are an offender.

[gg] Matthew 18:18, “. . . whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in [utopia].”

[hh] A glance at Abram’s family tree suggests why there are 4,000 to 10,000 religions rather than the dominant 3.

[ii] Genesis 11:28, “And Haran died before his av Terach in the land of his birth, in Ur Kasdim.” Jubilees 12:12-14, “Abram arose by night, and burned the house of the idols, and he burned all that was in the house”.

[jj] Leviticus 18:21, “And thou shalt not let any of thy zera pass through [the eish, i.e., be sacrificed and burned or cremated] to Molech, neither shalt thou profane the Shem Eloheicha; I am Hashem.”, Jeremiah 19:5, “They have built also the high places of Baal, to burn their banim with eish for olot unto Baal, which I commanded not, nor spoke it, neither came it into My lev”.

[kk] Genesis 2:16, “Hashem Elohim took the adam and put him in the Gan Eden la’avod (to till, to work) it and to be shomer over it.”

[ll] Genesis 35:23-26, “. . . these are the Bnei Ya’akov, which were born to him in Padan Aram.”

[mm] Exodus 19:5-6, “if ye will obey My voice very carefully, and be shomer over My brit, then ye shall be a segullah (treasured possession) unto Me above all people”

[nn] Leviticus 19:9-10, “you shall leave [gleanings] for the poor and the stranger”.

[oo] Joshua 1:1-4, “I will give you every place where you set your foot, as I promised Moses”. Ezra 3:1-6, “Then Joshua son of Jozadak . . . began to build the altar of the God of Israel to sacrifice burnt offerings on it . . .”. 

[pp] Joshua 24:19-25, “Joshua made a covenant for the people”.

[qq] Zachariah 6:11-13, “It is [Hosea/Joshua] who will build the temple of the Lord, and he will be clothed with majesty and will sit and rule on his throne”; Jeremiah 23:5, “I will raise up for David a righteous Branch,

a King who will reign wisely”, Jeremiah, 33:15 (also for David); Isaiah 11, “And there shall come forth a Khoter (Branch) out of the Geza (Stem, Stump, Stock) of Yishai (Jesse, then David)”. 53:11, “After he has suffered,

    he will see the light of life”.

[rr] Hebrews 4:8, “For if Y’hoshua had given them rest, God would not have spoken later of another ‘day’”. John 1:14, “[Yahweh] became a human being and lived with us”.

[ss] Genesis 12:10-20, “Say, now, thou art my achot (sister). . . and [I] shall live”. Genesis 20:1-18 rationalizes remedy.

[tt] Genesis 21:8-11, “[Sarah’s understandable jealousy] distressed Abraham greatly because it concerned his son [firstborn Ishmael]”.

[uu] Exodus 22:29, “You must give me the firstborn of your sons”.

[vv] Genesis 22:2, “Take now thy son, thine ben yachid (only son) Yitzchak, whom thou lovest, and get thee into eretz Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of”.

[ww] 1 Chronicles 1:28-34 does not confirm Sarah is Abram’s half-sister.

[xx] Matthew 6:27 on the futility of worry

[yy] John 5:1-8 on the power of positive thinking

[zz] John 8:3-11 on not repeating error

[aaa] Genesis 9:6, “Shofech dahm (one who sheddeth man’s blood), by man shall his dahm be shed”.

[bbb] In developed Pauline theology, believers are elected by the Trinity or are antinomians, by grace/gift.

[ccc] https:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_handling_in_Christianity

[ddd] James 5:19-20 -- if anyone wanders from the truth, whoever guides them back reduces loss.

[eee] Matthew 6:27, “Can any of you by worrying add a single hour to his life?”

[fff] Ecclesiastes 3:20, “All . . . are of the afahr (dust), and all return to the afahr again.”

[ggg] Isaiah 44:28, “That saith of Koresh (Cyrus) . . . “; and Ezra 1:1-4, Now in the first year [539 B.C.E.] of Koresh Melech Paras (Persia) . . . Hashem stirred up the ruach of Koresh Melech Paras (Persia) . . . “